Alterations in Blood Flow & Pressure (Chapters 15 & 16)
Across
- 2. Maximum pressure in the aorta and major arteries during ventricular ejection of blood. (Two words, 16 letters.)
- 5. Extreme vasoconstriction of the hands and fingers. Affects more women than men; evoked by stress or cold temperatures. (Two words, 15 letters)
- 8. In this type of aneurysm, the muscle tissue and fascia often confine the leaking blood. (Two words 13 letters)
- 9. A tear in the arterial wall creates a channel for blood flow, which separates layers and weakens the vessel. (Two words, 18 letters)
- 12. Stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the heart. (8 letters)
- 14. There is no identified cause in 90% of patients with this condition. Risk factors suspected are age, ethnicity, and family history, obesity, and high sodium intake. (Two words, 19 letters)
- 15. Can be auscultated as a bruit. (10 letters)
- 16. Primarily affects the greater saphenous vein; impaired venous return; patients complain of aching discomfort and unsightliness. (Two words, 13 letters)
- 17. Abnormal communications between arteries and veins. (Three parts, 9 letters)
- 18. Leads to varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. (Two words, 20 letters)
- 19. Sudden involuntary constriction of arterial smooth muscle that results in an obstruction to flow. (9 letters)
- 20. Propelled by blood flow to a distant point where it lodges and produces a site of obstruction. (7 letters)
- 21. Hypertension caused by a variety of health problems in adults and children, i.e., renal, endocrine, vascular, neurologic, and exogenous. (Two words, 21 letters)
Down
- 1. Name given to sounds auscultated during the measurement of blood pressure when blood flow moves through a partially occluded artery. (Two words, 15 letters)
- 3. Cause of secondary hypertension due to development of a tumor of the adrenal medulla, which secretes catecholamines leading to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and increased CO. (16 letters)
- 4. Phenomenon that occurs when the person measuring the blood pressure in a healthy young adult and a higher blood pressure in an obese person. Called observer bias. (Two words, 19 letters)
- 6. The net filtration is equal to the combined forces fostering filtration minus the combined forces opposing filtration. (Two words, 19 letters)
- 7. Due to congenital absence or decreased numbers of lymphatic, or obstruction where upper and lower body drainage occurs. (Two words 17 letters)
- 10. All three layers of the arterial wall are involved in this type of aneurysm. (Two words, 12 letters)
- 11. Due to the reduction in cardio output when the upright position is assumed. (Two words, 22 letters)
- 13. Results from alteration in pressure gradient that allows excessive amount of fluid to escape into the interstitial space. (5 letters)