anatomy
Across
- 1. Exit for spinal nerves
- 4. Anterior projecting edge of S1
- 6. Limits hyperflexion, posterior to bodies
- 9. C1, no body or spinous process
- 11. Inferior opening of sacral canal
- 12. Stabilize, assist rotation
- 14. Between transverse processes
- 16. Tips of spinous processes, sacrum → C7
- 20. Dens apex to foramen magnum
- 21. Contains vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve
- 26. Elevates, retracts, rotates scapula
- 28. Between spinous processes
- 29. Hook-shaped projection on cervical vertebral bodies
- 31. Extension of head
- 32. Retracts scapula
- 33. Passage for vertebral artery in cervical vertebrae
- 35. Extends and contralaterally rotates spine
- 38. Elevates ribs
- 39. Split spinous process, typical of C3–C6
- 42. Junction between L5 and sacrum
- 43. C7, long palpable spinous process
- 45. Burst fracture of C1
- 46. Shape of lumbar vertebral bodies
- 47. Elastic, connects laminae
- 48. Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
- 49. Transverse ligament + vertical bands
Down
- 2. Forms part of intervertebral foramen
- 3. Between spinous processes
- 4. Extends and rotates neck
- 5. Limits hyperextension
- 7. Elevates scapula
- 8. Site of spondylolysis fracture
- 10. Vertebra with mixed features (e.g., T12)
- 13. Continuation of supraspinous in cervical region
- 15. Dorsal ramus C1, innervates suboccipitals
- 17. Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
- 18. Shape of thoracic vertebral bodies
- 19. Facet joint between articular processes
- 22. Ipsilateral rotation
- 23. Extends and rotates head
- 24. Bilateral fracture of C2 pedicles
- 25. Extension, ipsilateral rotation
- 27. Between transverse processes
- 30. Extension, lateral flexion
- 34. Retracts scapula
- 36. Dens to occipital condyles, limit rotation
- 37. C2, has the dens
- 40. Stabilizes vertebrae
- 41. Small triangular bone at base of spine
- 44. Peg-like process of C2