Anatomy Chapter 6 Vocabulary

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566
Across
  1. 1. Different degrees of shortening/ how the whole muscle reacts to stimuli.
  2. 3. attached to the immovable or less movable bone.
  3. 5. Epimysium blend into these sheetlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
  4. 7. Each muscle fiber is enclosed in this delicate connective tissue sheath
  5. 9. (CP). High energy molecule found in muscle fibers but not other cell types.
  6. 11. If not enough oxygen or glucose is present during working muscles, & aerobic pathways cannot keep up, pyruvic acid (during glycolysis) is converted into this acid.
  7. 12. Move thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
  8. 15. Projections, also called myosin heads, that stud the the ends of the midparts of the thick filaments when they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction.
  9. 16. No striations and involuntary. Found mainly in walls of hollow visceral organs such as stomach, urinary bladder and respiratory passages. Propels substances along a pathway.
  10. 17. (ACh). Specific neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscle cells
  11. 19. "Same measurement" or length.Muscles do not shorten. myosin myofilaments keep the tension in the muscles increasing. Ex: trying to lift a 400 lb dresser (and you can't).
  12. 26. Occurs when we exercise our muscles for too long.
  13. 27. Movement of bone around it longitudinal axis. Common in ball-and-socket joints.
  14. 31. Greater resistance to fatigue. Blood supply to muscles increases and individual muscle cells form more mitochondria and store more oxygen.
  15. 33. Moving a limb toward the body midline.
  16. 36. 1) Flame ignites twig/ Na+ diffuses into the cell 2) Flame spreads rapidly along the twig/ Action potential spreads rapidly along the sarcolemma
  17. 38. long ribbonlike organelles that nearly fill the cytoplasm by pushing the nuclei aside.
  18. 39. Opposite of flexion. Movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of the body.
  19. 41. State of continuous partial contractions.
  20. 42. Center of the H Zone that contains tiny protein rods that hold adjacent thick filaments together.
  21. 43. Long, thread-like extension of the neuron, also called a nerve fiber.
  22. 44. Muscle fiber organelle. Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Stores calcium and releases it on demand when the muscle fiber contracts.
  23. 46. The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement
  24. 47. Flexion Depressing foot (pointing toes)
  25. 52. Specialized synergists. They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone.
  26. 53. stripes of fibers in skeletal muscle
  27. 55. Occurs in cytosol and does not use O2.. Pathway: glycolysis. Glucose is broke down to pyruvic acid and small amounts of energy are captured in ATP bonds.
  28. 58. Depolarization or "upset" generates this electrical current. Results in the contraction of the muscle cell.
  29. 61. Help prime movers by producing the same movement of by reducing undesirable movements
  30. 62. Epimysium blend into these strong and cordlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
  31. 63. Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
  32. 64. Tiny contractile units aligned end to end like boxcars in a train along the length of the myofibrils
  33. 65. Deficit/Debt Occurs during prolonged muscle activity, and when a person cannot take in enough O2 fast enough for muscles
  34. 66. lighter central area of the Dark A Band
Down
  1. 2. As ATP depletes, a high-energy phosphate group transfers from CP to ADP, regenerating more ATP in a fraction of a second. CP supplies are exhausted w/in <15sec
  2. 4. attached to movable bone and when the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
  3. 6. perimysium forms this bundle of fibers
  4. 8. The gap between nerve endings and muscle cells' membranes. Filled with tissue (interstitial) fluid.
  5. 10. Exercise Pit muscles against an immovable object. CT that reinforces the muscle increases.
  6. 13. Striated and involuntary. Found only in the heart.
  7. 14. dark midline interruption of the Light I Band
  8. 18. The point until Tetanic contraction is reached
  9. 20. Thin filaments. Anchored to the Z disc.
  10. 21. Structures within sarcomeres that produce the banding pattern.
  11. 22. One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates.
  12. 23. Movement generally in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones closer together.
  13. 24. Combo of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction commonly in ball-and-socket joints such as the shoulder. Proximal end of limb is stationary, while the distal end moves in a circle.
  14. 25. Occurs in mitochondria and uses O2. Pathway: oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose is broken down to CO2 & H2O. Is slow & requires continuous O2 & nutrients to muscle.
  15. 26. skeletal and smooth muscle cells that are elongated
  16. 28. Axon terminals form this junction with the sarcolemma of a different muscle cell.
  17. 29. Turning forward (radius around the ulna)
  18. 30. Chemical filled vesicles contained by the neuromuscular junction.
  19. 32. Moving a limb away (generally on the frontal plane) from the midline.
  20. 34. Tetanic contraction/ Muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are completely smooth and sustained.
  21. 35. Several sheathed muscle fibers are wrapped by this coarser fibrous membrane
  22. 37. "Same tone" or tension. Myofilaments slide (the muscle shortens) and movement occurs. Ex: bending knee
  23. 40. Lifting foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (standing on heels)
  24. 45. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
  25. 48. This occurs when the axon reaches the muscle and it branches out.
  26. 49. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
  27. 50. Turn sole of foot medially
  28. 51. Larger, thick filaments. Contain ATPase enzymes, which split ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction
  29. 54. soft or flabby
  30. 56. Turning backward (radius around the ulna)
  31. 57. binds fascicles together by this tougher "overcoat" of CT
  32. 59. Turn sole of foot laterally
  33. 60. waste away