anatomy of the aud system

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Across
  1. 1. allows for communication between air cells of the mastoid and the epitympanic recess (3 words)
  2. 4. the ________ crus of the stapes is the wider, longer, and curvier crus
  3. 7. the portion of the temporal bone houses the sensory organs of hearing and balance
  4. 9. CN VII (2 words)
  5. 14. the deflection of the _____ at the base of the SCCs causes the hair cells to be sheared
  6. 17. this wall of the ME houses a semicanal the tensor tympani enters through, the Eustachian tube, and chorda tympani
  7. 18. the ________ vestibular nerve is made up of nerve fibers from the posterior SCC and Saccule
  8. 20. the loss of energy due to friction, not related to frequency
  9. 22. the vestibulocolic reflex is a ______ reflex as it assists in maintaining the head in horizontal gaze orientation relative to gravity but independent to trunk movement
  10. 23. the narrowest point of the EAC
  11. 26. small perforations in the osseous spiral lamina that allow nerve fibers to pass through
  12. 28. the auditory nerve is known as the auditory ______ because damage here can result in dysfunction at or beyond this point
  13. 29. the interaural timing difference occurs due to the difference in the _______ of a sound as it arrives at each ear
  14. 33. the medial wall of the ME is made up of the prominence of the lateral semicircular canal, oval window, _________ and round window
  15. 38. the _______ between the TM and oval window is the mechanism that accounts for 24.6 dB SPL (2 words)
  16. 40. the ossicular chain is _______ in the ME cavity by its attachment to the TM by the manubrium and to the oval window by the stapes footplate and by various tendons and ligaments
  17. 44. the tympanic annulus is a _________ ring that attaches the tympanic membrane to the tympanic sulcus
  18. 45. AN fibers with a ______ spontaneous firing rate respond to low intensities
  19. 48. a pure tone does not contain ________ making it optimal for testing specific points of the cochlea
  20. 51. the propeoreciptors in the muscles of the limbs, the eyes, and the vestibular system are the three ways we maintain _________
  21. 53. the chorda tympani nerve travels through the ME space through the posterior wall, between the ossicular chain to the anterior wall and deals with ________
  22. 54. low and moderate intensities cause the stapes to move along the _________ axis
  23. 55. the ET serves to equalize the less compressible air pressure in the middle ear with the _________
  24. 56. the rarefaction phase cause the BM to reflect ______ and leads to depolarization of hair cells
  25. 59. the left anterior SCC is paired with the right ______ SCC
  26. 60. the tympanic _______ is a groove in the bony wall of the EAC
  27. 62. the dynamic range of an AN fiber is it's threshold to it's point of ________
  28. 64. the middle ear muscles pull in essentially ______ directions stiffening the ossicular chain
  29. 65. spinning sensation caused by dysfunction in the vestibular system
  30. 66. air molecules oscillate and hit neighboring air molecules and _________ the energy to them
  31. 67. OHCs ______ in response to rarefaction
  32. 69. the pH of cerumen is ______
  33. 71. the SCCs are approximately ________ (90 degrees) from each other
  34. 74. the EAC first travels _____________ then posterosuperiorly and then _____________
  35. 76. the ________ plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior
  36. 78. the SOC is the first place in the auditory system where there is _______ representation of monaural acoustic input
  37. 79. the cartilaginous portion of the EAC is __________ as the epidermal lining moves outward (2 words)
  38. 81. the largest portion of the temporal bones that forms the superior wall of the EAC
  39. 83. the EAC gives a 10-15 dB _____ to frequencies between 3000-4000 Hz
  40. 84. OHCs are directly sheared because they are imbedded to the tectorial membrane and IHCs are imposed by the ______ of the endolymph flow imposed on them
  41. 90. the basilar membrane is shorter and more stiff at the _____
  42. 91. the inner layer of the TM is continuous with the ________ lining of the ME space
  43. 92. hair cells of the SCCs are located in the _______ ampullaris on the ampulla
  44. 93. the intertragal _____ (or incisure)is between the tragus and antitragus
  45. 95. the vestibulo-ocular reflex ________ our gaze when we are turning our heads- the eyes move opposite to head movement
  46. 97. bone that forms the framework of support and protection for the outer, middle, and inner ear as well as the 7th and 8th cranial nerve
  47. 99. CN V (2 words)
  48. 100. outer hair cell are embedded in this gelatinous flap that covers the length of the organ of corti (2 words)
  49. 101. the TM is attached to the tympanic ______ by the tympanic annulus
  50. 102. the _____ zone is the inner section of the BM that courses from the osseous spiral lamina to the outer pillar cells
  51. 103. the ________ foramen is the opening between the two crura of the stapes
Down
  1. 2. the products of the _______ glands and ceruminous glands combine to create cerumen
  2. 3. portion of the wave when molecules are close together
  3. 5. Low frequency sounds are more affected by the ________ of a system
  4. 6. the function of the _____ is to collect acoustic energy into the EAC, best at collecting frequencies 5000 and above
  5. 8. calcium carbon crystals that sit on top of the jelly like structure in the macula. they add mass and allow for the hair cells the be sheared.
  6. 10. ______ muscles are vestigial in humans meaning it serves no functional purpose
  7. 11. the ET courses to the posterior aspect of the nasopharynx in a inferior, ______, and anterior direction
  8. 12. _______ type I AN fibers innervate a single IHC
  9. 13. Claudian cells provide ________ to the basilar membrance
  10. 15. the endolymphatic duct regulates endolymphatic ______ to avoid the overproduction/under absorption of endolymph
  11. 16. the semicircular canals are arranged in pairs so that when one is excited the other is _______
  12. 19. the middle layer of the TM is made up of ______ fibers and circular fibers
  13. 21. the apex of the cochlea is oriented anteriorly and slightly laterally pointing towards the ________
  14. 24. The stria vascularis maintains endocochlear potential by ___________ endolymph
  15. 25. the combination and integration of information arriving from the two ears (at the SOC)
  16. 27. ______ membrane separates the scala vestibuli and scala media and keeps their fluids separate
  17. 30. in the posterior and superior canal the ________ is located on the canal side
  18. 31. allows the tendon of the stapedius muscle to enter through the posterior wall of the middle ear (2 words)
  19. 32. kinocilium of the saccule are oriented _____ from the striola
  20. 34. The EAC functions as a ________ resonator enhancing sounds four times its length (2 words)
  21. 35. the frequency that hair cells are most sensitive, meaning they respond at the lowest intensity, is known as the _________ frequency
  22. 36. the striola is the invisible _______ of the otolith organs
  23. 37. the _______ of the incus is a true ball and socket joint that articulates with the stapes (2 words)
  24. 39. the round window _______ the movement of the traveling wave
  25. 41. the short process of the ______ acts as a fulcrum to assist in the lever action of the ossicular chain
  26. 42. because the striola is ______ their will be a portion of the saccule and utricle that is excited and one portion that is inhibited
  27. 43. open ion channels when the stereocilia are deflected towards the tallest stereocilia
  28. 46. pitch, yaw, and roll are _____ motions that excite or inhibit different SCC
  29. 47. muscle innervated by the facial nerve
  30. 49. the upper shelf of the osseous spiral lamina is continuous with the _______ and serves as a point of attachment for the tectorial membrane (2 words)
  31. 50. the different _________ of the reticular lamina and tectorial membrane allows them to move relative to each other (2 words)
  32. 52. the bony portion of the ear canal is the ______ 2/3
  33. 57. the scala vestibuli and scala tympani are filled with ______ which is high in sodium and low in potassium
  34. 58. the petrous pyramid divides the middle cranial ______ and posterior cranial ______
  35. 61. the tonotopic organization of the auditory nerve organizes low frequencies toward the ______
  36. 62. the tendon of the tensor tympani muscle enter the middle ear space through a _______ in the anterior wall
  37. 63. the tegmen tympani is a thin piece of bone that forms the _____ of the ME
  38. 68. explanation that AN fibers can only fire at a max. rate of 800 times per second so frequencies that are higher rely on multiple AN fibers to lock onto the same phase of multiple cycles (2 words)
  39. 70. _______ cells support outer hair cells as they sit in them
  40. 72. which window opens into the scala vestibuli?
  41. 73. the point at which the Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani communicate
  42. 75. the lateral process and cone of light reflex are located on the ______ side of the ear that is being observed
  43. 77. mass and stiffness reactances are opposites and the frequencies at which they cancel out is known as the ________ frequency
  44. 80. contains 3 important auditory structures (Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, and insula) located deep within the posterior half of the sylvian fissure
  45. 81. Type I fibers are myelinated by _____ cells in Rosenthal's canal
  46. 82. the release of _____ causes the activation of of the AN across the synaptic cleft
  47. 85. the condyle of the ______ makes up the inferior-anterior wall of the EAC
  48. 86. _______ flow causes displacement toward the ampulla. the horizontal canal is excited by this flow
  49. 87. vestibular organ with a horizontal orientation and the kinocilium are oriented towards the striola
  50. 88. when sound travels from air to _______ there is a loss of intensity
  51. 89. contraction of the ________ veli palatini and the levator veli palatine causes the cartilaginous portion of the ET to open
  52. 94. _______ fibers are descending neurons that send signals from the nervous system to the cochlea, these mostly communicate with OHCs
  53. 96. the tunnel of corti is formed by the inner and outer ______ cells
  54. 98. the intermediate cells of the stria vascular contains ______