Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Across
- 1. The ________ muscles help decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity during expiration by pushing the diaphragm upwards. They relax during inspiration.
- 5. Shelves of bone that line the inside of the nasal cavity.
- 7. Hair-shaped structures found on the lumen of the epithelium, surrounded by a thin film of mucus.
- 9. These are small, elastic buds that are located a the end of the respiratory tree. They provide a large surface area for gas exchange to occur.
- 11. The smallest airway of the respiratory tract, getting smaller with each split branch.
- 12. Thin skeletal muscle located below the lungs that contracts when one inhales to expand the lungs. Upon exhale, this relaxes and causes air to be forced out of the lungs.
- 14. The _____ respiratory tract contains the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx.
- 16. The __________ muscles run between the ribs to expand and shrink the size of the chest muscle during inspiration and expiration.
- 18. Repiratory __________ acts to warm, filter, and humidify air.
- 19. Epithelial cells that secrete mucus to create a protective layer.
Down
- 2. _________ clearance is a process by which the cilia in the upper respiratory tract beat and push mucus up towards the pharynx for expulsion by a cough or swallow.
- 3. These split from the trachea into two primary sections which enter the lungs, then split into even smaller sections which enter separate lobes, splitting into even smaller sections within.
- 4. Also known as the windpipe, it links the upper airways to the lungs. It consists of C-shaped rings of cartilage which are connected by smooth muscle.
- 6. Contains curved shelves of bone in which the surface is lined with ciliated respiratory epithelium that secretes mucus and fluid to trap foreign
- 8. A pair of organs consisting of elastic sacs with branching passageways where air is drawn in order to conduct gas exchange.
- 9. These are passageways that connect to the end of the respiratory tree.
- 10. Short tube consisting of several cartilages connected by muscles. It also contains the vocal chords which are needed to generate sound.
- 13. The common pathway for the respiratory and digestive tracts and allows for both air and food to pass.
- 15. Flap of cartilage which serves as a switch between the respiratory and digestive tracts, ensuring that food and air each enter in the appropriate location.
- 17. The _____ respiratory tract contains the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.