Ancient Greece Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. The legendary blind Greek poet credited with composing the Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational epic poems of Western literature.
  2. 4. A system of government where power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through elected representatives
  3. 9. II of Macedonia: The brilliant king who conquered and united the fractured Greek city-states under Macedonian rule, laying the groundwork for his son's empire.
  4. 12. A group of Greek-speaking people who migrated into the Greek mainland around 1100 BCE, ushering in a period of economic and cultural decline known as the Greek Dark Ages.
  5. 13. A foundational Athenian philosopher who taught by asking questions (the Socratic Method) and was executed for "corrupting the youth."
  6. 14. The first advanced, Greek-speaking civilization on the mainland (c. 1600–1100 BCE), characterized by fortified palace-citadels, a warrior culture, and their legendary involvement in the Trojan War.
  7. 15. An advanced, seafaring Bronze Age civilization based on the island of Crete (c. 2700–1450 BCE), known for its grand palace at Knossos, vibrant frescoes, and peaceful, trade-oriented culture.
Down
  1. 1. A student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, who revolutionized logic, science, and philosophy through empirical observation.
  2. 2. Civilization: The vibrant, blended culture that emerged after Alexander's death, mixing Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences across his former empire.
  3. 3. War: A devastating civil war (431–404 BCE) between Athens (and its allies) and Sparta (and its allies), which ultimately ended Athenian dominance and left Greece weakened.
  4. 5. the Great: The son of Philip II who conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and lands stretching to India, creating one of the largest empires in history.
  5. 6. A unique Greek city-state (like Athens or Sparta), which served as the fundamental political and cultural unit of ancient Greece.
  6. 7. A form of government in which power is held by the nobility or a small, privileged upper class.
  7. 8. A tightly packed military formation of foot soldiers (hoplites) armed with shields and long spears, moving together as a single, powerful unit.
  8. 10. War: A series of conflicts (499–449 BCE) where united Greek city-states successfully defended their independence against the invading Persian Empire.
  9. 11. A student of Socrates who founded the Academy and wrote The Republic, exploring the nature of justice and the ideal state.