Ancient India Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. Strong seasonal winds that bring heavy rain in summer and dry air in winter; they affect farming in India.
  2. 7. The warrior and ruler caste in ancient India.
  3. 10. numerals; The number system (0–9) we use today, first developed in India.
  4. 11. Having to do with learning, thinking, and understanding ideas.
  5. 13. A type of math that studies shapes, lines, and angles; developed further by Indian scholars.
  6. 17. A person’s duty or the right way to live according to their role in life.
  7. 18. Small rectangular blocks made of clay used to build houses and city walls in ancient times.
  8. 21. A large country in South Asia, home to ancient civilizations and the birthplace of Hinduism and Buddhism.
  9. 22. The tallest mountain range in the world; it separates India from the rest of Asia and affects the climate.
  10. 24. systems; A way of planning cities with straight streets crossing each other at right angles, like a checkerboard.
  11. 25. Keeping things clean and healthy; in ancient cities, this meant clean water and waste systems.
  12. 28. The highest caste in ancient India; priests and teachers.
  13. 31. One of the main cities of the ancient Indus River Valley civilization.
  14. 32. A large land area that is part of a continent but separated by geography, like India from the rest of Asia.
  15. 33. system; A social system in India that divided people into groups based on birth or job.
  16. 35. The oldest sacred texts (books) of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit.
  17. 36. Noble Truths; The main ideas of Buddhism that explain why people suffer and how to stop suffering.
Down
  1. 1. Early forms of vaccines; giving a person a small dose of a disease to help them build protection.
  2. 2. A person who buys and sells goods.
  3. 4. The belief that after you die, your soul is reborn in another body.
  4. 5. Freedom from the cycle of rebirth; becoming one with the universe.
  5. 6. The worker caste; they did labor and service jobs.
  6. 8. A religion started in India that teaches how to end suffering through wisdom and good behavior.
  7. 9. Gautama; The founder of Buddhism; later called the Buddha, meaning “the Enlightened One.”
  8. 12. A skilled worker who makes things by hand, like pottery or jewelry.
  9. 14. The main holy books of Buddhism that contain the Buddha’s teachings.
  10. 15. The belief that your actions in this life affect what happens to you in future lives.
  11. 16. The caste made up of merchants, farmers, and traders.
  12. 19. A river in present-day Pakistan where one of the world’s first civilizations began.
  13. 20. The main religion of India that believes in many gods and the ideas of karma and reincarnation.
  14. 23. Path; A guide in Buddhism for living a good life and reaching peace and wisdom.
  15. 24. A major river in India that is considered holy by Hindus and provides water for farming and daily life.
  16. 26. The large body of water to the south of India; it was used for trade and travel.
  17. 27. A state of perfect peace and happiness where there is no suffering or desire.
  18. 29. People outside the caste system who did the hardest and least respected jobs.
  19. 30. The number that means “nothing”; invented in ancient India and used in math around the world.
  20. 34. system; Underground pipes or channels used to carry away waste and dirty water.