Animal Locomotion

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Across
  1. 5. _____ reduce drag and make swimming more efficient
  2. 6. The most energetically costly of locomotion
  3. 8. Energetic advantage of locomotion in the water is that swimmers do not need to provide ____ to overcome gravity
  4. 9. Most animals limit ground contact to reduce _______
  5. 11. What is required for thrust and life
  6. 12. Fishes contract _____ muscles to move their tails from side to side
  7. 15. In locomotion in air, mechanics require overcoming gravity and ______
Down
  1. 1. What is the greatest challenge of locomotion in the water
  2. 2. Life and thrust in vertebrate provided by ____ and back muscles
  3. 3. Pterosaurs, insects, birds, and mammals
  4. 4. Provides energy savings
  5. 7. Locomotion results from muscular contractions exerting force on the _______
  6. 10. What increases exponentially as speed increases in the water
  7. 13. Locomotion must overcome _______
  8. 14. In locomotion on land, _____ must be overcome at each step