Antihypertensive Agents (By: Dr. Intan Bakhtiar)

4. _______________ is not recommended for the initial treatment of high blood pressure.
7. By blocking calcium ion channels in the plasma membranes of smooth muscle, the calcium channel blockers such as _______________ relax vascular smooth muscle and cause vasodilation.
10. Diltiazem relaxes the vascular smooth muscles. Therefore, diltiazem is a(n) ____________________.
14. _________________ is a selective β1 -blocker with antioxidant properties.
18. ___________ can cause hypertrichosis particularly in women.
19. An example of potassium-sparing diuretic.
20. _____________________ can cause postural hypotension.
21. Blood pressure is the product of _________ output and total peripheral resistance (TPR).

1. Prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
2. An example of alpha1 blocker.
3. Reflex ______________ is a compensatory mechanism by the body’s barometer to return blood pressure to pre-treatment level.
5. ____________ increase renal and water excretion.
6. An adverse effect of frusemide is _____________________ and other electrolyte disturbances.
8. Use of ______________ should be discontinued when pregnancy is detected because it can cause fetal injury.
9. ________________ is indicated to treat hypertension in pregnant women because it is safe.
11. _________________ is a selective β1 -blocker used to treat hypertension in surgical patients and in persons with hypertensive emergencies.
12. Thiazides may elevate plasma levels of _________ in some patients.
13. ________ is as effective as the ACE inhibitors but does not cause dry cough that occurs with ACE inhibitors.
15. Blockade of cardiac ___________________-adrenoreceptors reduces cardiac output by decreasing the heart rate and contractility.
16. ______________ is an example on direct-acting vasodilator.
17. Nonselective β -blockers are contraindicated in persons with asthma owing to ____________-adrenoceptors blockade.