Ap Biology

3. A molecule with unequal distribution of charges (e.g., water), affecting solubility and interactions.
4. A polymer of amino acids with diverse functions including enzymes, signaling, and structure.
8. Bond A strong chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
11. Selection A process in evolution where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
13. A weak bond between partially charged hydrogen and another electronegative atom, important in water and DNA structure.
14. DNA or RNA; stores and transmits genetic information.
15. A large molecule made of repeating monomers (e.g., proteins, DNA).
16. A single subunit that can join with others to form a polymer (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides).
18. Nonpolar macromolecule used for long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membranes (e.g., fats, phospholipids).
19. The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes (e.g., temperature regulation).
20. Tension A result of cohesion in water due to hydrogen bonding, allowing small objects to rest on the surface.

1. A chemical reaction where two molecules are joined by removing a water molecule (used to build polymers).
2. Organic compound made of C, H, and O; provides quick energy and structure (e.g., glucose, starch, cellulose).
3. Circlular structure that conrtains genetic info
5. A protein catalyst that speeds up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy
6. Bilayer A double layer of phospholipids that forms cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
7. A change in DNA sequence that can affect gene function and lead to variation.
9. A variant form of a gene, one inherited from each parent.
10. A reaction that breaks bonds between monomers by adding water (used to digest polymers).
12. A scale measuring the acidity or basicity of a solution; based on hydrogen ion concentration.
17. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait.