AP Chemistry Vocabulary 3

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Across
  1. 2. A chemical equation that shows the complete chemical formulas of reactants and products
  2. 3. Acids capable of donating more than one proton per molecule in a chemical reaction
  3. 5. A change in the state of matter without a change in its chemical composition
  4. 7. Regions within an energy level where electrons are likely to be found
  5. 8. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius
  6. 10. Models that use electron pair repulsion theory to predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules
  7. 12. he energy possessed by a system due to its position or configuration
  8. 14. Having a negative Gibb's Free Energy
  9. 19. The quantitative study of reactants and products in chemical reactions
  10. 21. Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements
  11. 22. Chemical reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
  12. 23. The overall energy change that occurs during a chemical reaction:
  13. 25. Electrons occupying the outermost energy level of an atom, determining its chemical properties
  14. 27. The tendency of a substance to evaporate or change into a vapor, particularly at low temperatures
  15. 28. The immediate environment and conditions affecting a chemical reaction or system
  16. 31. A technique used to study the energy levels of atoms and molecules by analyzing the energy of emitted photons
  17. 34. Describing forces or interactions that push objects away from each other
  18. 37. A model used to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom, with electrons occupying energy levels or shells
  19. 40. A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron:
  20. 42. Occurring naturally without external intervention
  21. 44. A reaction where the rate of reaction is not influenced by the concentration of reactants, products, or catalysts
  22. 46. The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant
  23. 47. The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force
  24. 49. The negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution
  25. 50. Component dissolved in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture
  26. 51. A chemical reaction that proceeds with a rate proportional to the concentration of two reactants
  27. 52. A chemical reaction involving only one reactant molecule
  28. 54. The measure of a fluid's internal friction and resistance to flow, often influenced by temperature and molecular size:
  29. 57. A measure of a chemical cell's voltage under standard conditions
  30. 60. Alloy in which some of the atoms of the main metal are replaced by atoms of other elements
  31. 61. The branch of physical science that studies the relations between heat and other forms of energy
  32. 62. A formula that indicates the types of atoms and the number of each type in a molecule
  33. 64. Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactants
  34. 65. The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place
  35. 66. The tendency of a species to gain electrons and be reduced during a redox reaction
  36. 67. The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance from its elements in their standard states
  37. 68. The highest energy state along the reaction pathway, where reactant bonds are breaking and product bonds are forming
Down
  1. 1. The repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties of elements in the periodic table
  2. 4. Acids that only partially ionize in solution, resulting in a weak acidic behavior
  3. 6. The sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur during the overall reaction process
  4. 7. The state where the rates of dissolution and precipitation of a solute from a solution are equal
  5. 9. A solid formed during a chemical reaction in a liquid solution
  6. 11. The fundamental constant representing the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency
  7. 13. The ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants in a chemical reaction at any point in time
  8. 15. A unit used in chemistry to represent an amount of substance, approximately 6.022 × 10^23 entities
  9. 16. Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom:
  10. 17. The complex interplay of intermolecular forces and temperature that governs the pressure exerted by a substance's vapor
  11. 18. The portion of the universe under investigation in a thermodynamic process
  12. 20. The distance between successive crests, troughs, or any other adjacent points in a wave
  13. 24. The rate at which products reform reactants in a chemical reaction
  14. 26. A homogeneous mixture formed by dissolving one or more substances in a solvent
  15. 29. The component of a solution that dissolves the solute
  16. 30. A substance that has a constant composition and distinct properties
  17. 31. A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution
  18. 32. A covalent bond formed by the overlap of p orbitals above and below the plane of bonded atoms
  19. 33. Acid that can donate only one proton per molecule in a chemical reaction
  20. 35. A covalent bond formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis
  21. 36. A constant representing the product of the concentrations of the dissolved ions in a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt
  22. 38. The measure of energy transferred when a force acts upon an object over a distance
  23. 39. A species formed and consumed during the course of a chemical reaction, but does not appear in the overall reaction equation
  24. 41. A theory that describes the behavior of electrons in molecules in terms of their wave-like properties
  25. 43. Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
  26. 45. A model used to describe the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules based on the principles of quantum mechanics
  27. 48. The state where no net transfer of heat occurs between a system and its surroundings
  28. 51. The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent under specific conditions
  29. 53. Acids that ionize completely in solution, producing a high concentration of H⁺ ions
  30. 55. Packets of electromagnetic energy that carry light
  31. 56. The substance upon which an enzyme acts in a chemical reaction
  32. 58. The process of determining the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration
  33. 59. Groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds
  34. 63. A solution of known concentration used to determine the concentration of another solution