AP Lang

1. the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the writer's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.
3. An adjective that describes words, phrases, or a general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.
9. What the audience is supposed to understand and do after watching, listening or reading something.
11. A word or phrase that links different ideas, and effectively signals a shift from one idea to another; helping to maintain a line of reasoning.
14. A short, narrative account of an amusing, unusual, revealing, or interesting event. A good anecdote has a single, definite point and is used to clarify abstract points, to humanize individuals so that readers can relate to them.
16. The general time, place and occasion within which the rhetorical situation is generated
17. Often involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.
19. To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.
20. refers to the writer's particular word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.

2. These words help neutralize words that can come off as harsh, insensitive, or improper. For example, "Let go" instead of "fired."
4. Slang or informality in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give language a conversational, familiar tone.
5. An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
6. Fallacies Flaws in logic that weaken an argument.
7. Choice Anything a speaker DOES to achieve their purpose, convey their message or develop their argument.
8. When the meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage seems to have more than one meaning or is uncertain.
10. The catalyst that prompts a speaker to make a claim.
12. describes the writer's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both
13. situation The circumstances out of which an argument emerges.
15. An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
18. A direct or indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical (such as referring to Hitler), literary (such as referring to Atticus in To Kill a Mockingbird), religious (such as referring to Noah and the flood), or mythical (such as referring to Odyssesus or Zeus).