AP Psych

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Across
  1. 3. the influence of bodily sensations, gestures and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements
  2. 4. diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant simulation
  3. 5. sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
  4. 7. a less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage tot the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
  5. 8. an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights link on and off in quick succession
  6. 12. nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus such as shape, angle, or movement
  7. 13. failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
  8. 16. the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
  9. 19. a depth cure, such as interposition or linear perspective, available to ether eye alone
  10. 20. the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
  11. 23. below one's absolute threshold for concious awareness
  12. 26. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. the gate is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain
  13. 31. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
  14. 34. our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance
  15. 35. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs
  16. 36. the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light, what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth
  17. 38. perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
  18. 41. the amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave, which influences what we pervceive as brightness or loudness, intensity is determined by wave's aplitude (height)
  19. 42. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time
  20. 45. the ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artifically displaced or even inverted visual field
  21. 50. the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences it's taste
  22. 52. the eye's clear, protective outer layer, covering the iris and pupil
  23. 55. retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well lit conditions. cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
  24. 57. a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
  25. 58. analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
  26. 59. our movement sense
  27. 60. the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
  28. 61. perception the ability to see objects in three dimensions althought the images that strike the retina are two dimensional, allows us to judge distance
  29. 62. information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experiences and expectations
  30. 63. a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes
  31. 64. process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our enviroment
  32. 65. the perceptual tendencry to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Down
  1. 1. the principle that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
  2. 2. the theory that opposing retinal process (red/green,blue/yellow,white/black0 enable color vision.
  3. 6. conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impusles our brain can interpret
  4. 7. a coiled, bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear, sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
  5. 9. the adjustable opening in the centrer of the eye through which light enters
  6. 10. the nerve that carries neural impules from the eye to the brain
  7. 11. a ring of muscle tissure that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
  8. 14. hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss
  9. 15. the sense of smell
  10. 17. in hearing the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense it's pitch
  11. 18. theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue, which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color
  12. 21. perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
  13. 22. the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
  14. 24. processing many aspects of a problem simultaneousley
  15. 25. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
  16. 27. a labratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
  17. 28. the study of relationships between the physical charcteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
  18. 29. the activation, often unconciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response
  19. 30. a binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing retinal images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity between the two images the closer the object
  20. 32. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
  21. 33. the focusing of concious awareness on a particular stimulus
  22. 37. failing to notice changes in the enviroment a form of inattentional blindness
  23. 39. a mental predispostition to perceive on thing and not another
  24. 40. a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint amid background stimultation. assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness
  25. 43. controversial claim that perception can occur appart from sensory input, includes telapathy, calirvoyance, and precognition
  26. 44. the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
  27. 46. a tone's expercinced highness or lowness, depends on frequency
  28. 47. the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye creating a "blind" spot ecause no receptor cells are located there
  29. 48. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enaling us tot recognize meaniful objects and events
  30. 49. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement, necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don't respond
  31. 51. the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
  32. 53. an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendencry to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
  33. 54. the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
  34. 56. in hearing the theory that links the ptich we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated