AP Psych Study

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Across
  1. 2. creating new cognitive schemas when objects, experiences, or other information do not fit existing schemas.
  2. 3. The failure to store information in memory.
  3. 10. This is the part of long-term memory where factual information, such as mathematical formulas, vocabulary, and life events, is stored.
  4. 12. A time frame deemed highly important for healthy development; it can be physically, emotionally, behaviorally, or cognitively. are crowding —the psychological and psychological response to the belief that too many people are in a specified area.
  5. 13. Psychological forces that prevent undesirable or inappropriate impulses from entering consciousness (e.g., forgetting responsibilities we didn't want to do, projecting anger onto a spouse instead of your boss). They are also called Defense Mechanisms, Defense Systems, or Ego Defenses.
  6. 15. Applying behavioral theory in treating mental illness.
  7. 16. a change in thoughts, emotions, and behavior that results from extended job stress and unrewarded repetition of duties.
  8. 17. is learning new behaviors or responses due to their consequences.
  9. 18. The phenomenon in learning states that we can better remember information if it is paired with something familiar or otherwise stands out.
  10. 19. is the behavioral technique of pairing a naturally occurring stimulus and response chain with a different stimulus to produce a response that is not naturally occurring.
  11. 21. A separation from the self, with the most severe resulting in Dissociative Identity Disorder. Most of us experience this in very mild forms, such as driving long distances and losing time or daydreaming longer than we thought.
  12. 23. Changing attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, or behaviors to be more consistent with others.
  13. 25. Feelings about a situation, person, or object that involve physiological arousal and changes in cognition.
  14. 26. A stimulus in a stimulus-response chain that is not naturally occurring but has been learned through its pairing with a naturally occurring chain.
  15. 27. The tail-like part of the neuron through which information exits the cell.
  16. 29. Parenting style focuses on excessive rules, rigid belief systems, and the expectation of unquestioned obedience.
  17. 31. Research method in which both the subjects and the experimenter are unaware or 'blind' to the anticipated results.
  18. 33. Heuristic A rule of thumb stating that information that is more readily available in our memory is more important than information that is not as easily accessible.
  19. 35. is receiving, processing, storing, and using information.
  20. 36. is a cognitive psychologist who developed the concept of rational-emotive therapy.
  21. 38. An idea or belief about the etiology of a specific behavior.
  22. 39. The area of psychology focuses on how children grow psychologically to become who they are as adults.
  23. 45. The application of reinforcement every time a specific behavior occurs.
  24. 47. The central part of a neuron is where information is processed.
  25. 50. unselfish behavior that may be detrimental but benefits others.
  26. 51. is a young child's tendency to focus only on his or her perspective of a specific object and failure to understand that others may see things differently.
  27. 53. The variable measured in an experiment is the outcome of an experiment.
  28. 54. Being attracted to or aroused by members of both genders. See Sexual Orientation.
  29. 55. Therapy is a type of behavioral treatment in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a negative behavior in the hopes that the behavior will change to avoid the aversive stimuli.
  30. 56. In behavioral theory, discrimination is the learned ability to differentiate between similar objects or situations.
  31. 58. The school of psychology is founded on the premise that behavior is measurable and can be changed by applying various behavioral principles.
  32. 59. Psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the part of the personality that maintains a balance between our impulses (id) and our conscience (superego).
  33. 61. an approach that is based on the theory that our cognitions or thoughts control many of our behaviors and emotions. Therefore, changing how we think can positively change how we act and feel.
  34. 62. Treatment involves the combination of behaviorism (based on the theories of learning) and cognitive therapy (based on the theory that our cognitions or thoughts control a large portion of our behaviors).
  35. 63. Decision-making is the process in which ideas are processed from the general to the specific.
  36. 64. Incorporating objects, experiences, or information into existing schemas.
  37. 65. The physiological and psychological reaction to an expected danger, whether real or imagined.
  38. 66. is the phenomenon in memory that states we can better remember information if it is distinctive or different from other information.
  39. 67. Theory The theory states that we are motivated by our innate desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Down
  1. 1. derived through the ability to punish.
  2. 4. Loss of memory. Usually, only a partial loss, such as for some time or biographical information.
  3. 5. The slightest change in perception that is noticeable at least 50% of the time.
  4. 6. a humanistic therapy based on the belief that an individual has an unlimited capacity for psychological growth and will continue to grow unless barriers are placed in the way.
  5. 7. is the Statistical representation of a relationship between two or more variables that does not determine cause and effect.
  6. 8. The theory states that memory fades and disappears if unused or accessed over time.
  7. 9. The part of intelligence that acquiringquisition, as opusing,e use, of information.
  8. 11. False belief system (e.g., believing you are Napoleon, have magical powers, or the false belief that others are 'out to get you.').
  9. 14. The application of behavioral theory to change a specific behavior.
  10. 20. A generic term for the idea that chemicals in the brain are either too scarce or too abundant, resulting in a mental disorder such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
  11. 22. Parenting style focuses on setting reasonable rules and expectations while encouraging communication and independence.
  12. 24. Inability to recognize or be aware of who we are (person), what we are doing (situation), the time and date (time), or where we are about our environment (place). To be considered a problem, it must be consistent, result in difficulty functioning, and not due to forgetting or being lost.
  13. 28. The physiological changes in the brain associated with memory storage.
  14. 30. The physical act resulting from an obsession.
  15. 32. associated with damage to the Broca's area of the brain, demonstrated by impairment in producing understandable speech.
  16. 34. To avoid the placebo effect in research, this type of study is designed without the subject's knowledge of the anticipated results and sometimes even the nature of the study. The subjects are said to be 'blind' to the expected results.
  17. 37. The group of subjects in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable.
  18. 40. Potential The firing on a neuron. It occurs when the charge inside the neuron becomes more positive than outside.
  19. 41. Awareness of yourself and the world around you.
  20. 42. a theory that information learned in a particular situation or place is better remembered when in that same situation or place.
  21. 43. the understanding, typically achieved in later childhood, that matter remains the same even when the shape changes.
  22. 44. thinking uses previously gained information to debate or discuss issues with an agreed-upon definitive resolution.
  23. 46. The realization of contradictions in one's attitudes and behaviors.
  24. 48. The impairment of the ability to communicate through oral or written discourse is due to brain damage.
  25. 49. A response in a stimulus-response chain that is not naturally occurring but has been learned through pairing with a naturally occurring chain.
  26. 52. Pushing out older information in short-term memory to make room for new information.
  27. 57. The strong bond a child forms with their primary caregiver.
  28. 60. An internal motivation to fulfill a need or reduce the negative aspects of an unpleasant situation.