AP Psych Unit 2

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Across
  1. 3. The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
  2. 4. A focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed.
  3. 6. Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
  4. 9. The mistaken belief that past outcomes affect the odds
  5. 13. The backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information.
  6. 15. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
  7. 17. Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions.
  8. 19. Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
  9. 23. A simple thinking strategy — a mental shortcut — that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
  10. 25. The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.
  11. 26. Functions: Higher-level cognitive processes (associated with the prefrontal cortex) that enable planning, organizing, regulating attention, and carrying out goal-directed behavior.
  12. 29. The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
  13. 31. A newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious, active processing of both incoming sensory information and (2) information retrieved from long-term memory.
  14. 32. An inability to remember information from one’s past.
  15. 33. Occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information.
  16. 34. A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
  17. 35. Judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.
  18. 36. According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
Down
  1. 1. A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
  2. 2. Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information.
  3. 5. Judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.
  4. 7. Continuing to invest time, money, or effort into a losing endeavor simply because of resources already spent.
  5. 8. A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a this is a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a crow).
  6. 10. A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing retinal images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance — the greater the disparity between two images, the closer the object.
  7. 11. A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
  8. 12. The forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information.
  9. 14. Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.
  10. 16. Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
  11. 18. Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
  12. 20. Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare (also called declarative memory).
  13. 21. Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection (also called nondeclarative memory).
  14. 22. The persistence of one’s initial conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
  15. 24. An inability to form new memories.
  16. 27. Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.
  17. 28. A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
  18. 30. The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it’s supposed to.