AP Psych Unit 3 (Module 20): Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception

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Across
  1. 3. failing to notice changes in the environment (a form of inattentional blindness)
  2. 6. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection
  3. 9. a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
  4. 13. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain
  5. 14. Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
  6. 15. the distance from the peak of one light/sound wave to the next.
  7. 17. a depth cue -such as interposition or linear perspective- available to either eye alone
  8. 18. the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision
  9. 19. below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness
  10. 21. constructs perceptions from this sensory input by drawing on your experience and expectations
  11. 27. the innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
  12. 29. the activation of certain associations thus predisposing one's perception of memory or response
  13. 32. retinal receptors that detect black and white, and are sensitive to movement, found in retina's outer regions
  14. 33. the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
  15. 34. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear that travels sound waves through its fluid to trigger nerve impulses
  16. 35. to separate faces from their backgrounds; perceiving any object as distinct from its surroundings
  17. 37. the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
  18. 39. an organized whole. our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
  19. 41. the eye's clear protective outer layer, where light enters and then bends to provide focus
  20. 43. the ability to adjust to changed sensory input
  21. 45. The process when our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus from our environment
  22. 47. the sense or act of hearing
  23. 48. the amount of energy in a light/sound wave; Intensity is determined by the wave's amplitude
  24. 50. the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments
  25. 51. the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
  26. 52. a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on the frequency
  27. 54. our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
  28. 56. the point when the optic nerve leaves the eye because no receptor cells are located in that spot
  29. 58. a test of depth perception in infants and young animals
  30. 59. an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
  31. 60. the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
  32. 61. perceiving objects as unchanging even as retinal images change; such as consistent color, brightness, shape, and size
  33. 62. our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance
  34. 63. a less common hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
  35. 66. a theory predicting how and when we will detect faint stimulus amid background stimulus
Down
  1. 1. the sense of smell
  2. 2. the study of paranormal phenomena (including ESP and psychokinesis)
  3. 4. the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
  4. 5. the process when the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
  5. 7. conversion of one form of energy to another; converting stimulus energies into neural impulses our brain can interpret
  6. 8. retinal receptor cells that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.
  7. 10. a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
  8. 11. transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus images on the retina
  9. 12. processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously
  10. 16. claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input (includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition)
  11. 20. nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus such as shape, angle, or movement
  12. 22. the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images strike the retina as two dimensional
  13. 23. failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
  14. 24. the principle that two different stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
  15. 25. a depth cue -such as retinal disparity- that depends on the use of two eyes
  16. 26. perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters wavelengths reflected by the object
  17. 28. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize objects and events
  18. 30. diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
  19. 31. a small adjustable opening in the center of the eye where light enters
  20. 36. multilayer tissue on the eye's inner surface, contains rods and cones and layers of neurons that process visual info
  21. 38. the focusing of conscious awareness of a particular stimulus
  22. 40. hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or auditory nerves
  23. 42. the theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors; red, green, and blue; which when combined can produce the perception of any color
  24. 44. a binocular for perceiving depth; our two eyes show the same image from different angles, and the brain computes the distance between them
  25. 46. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window
  26. 49. processing that starts at your sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing
  27. 53. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
  28. 55. the central focal point in the retina around which the eyes cones cluster
  29. 57. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
  30. 64. A colored muscle that dilates or constricts in response to light intensity
  31. 65. the dimension of color determined by the wavelength of light