AP Psych Unit 5 Cognition

2. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore that which is contradictory
5. smallest units of speech that convey meaning ("kind")
9. a mental image or best example of a category
11. beginning at 4 months, stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to household langauge
13. methodical, logical procedures that guarantees a solution
16. study of meaning
17. the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
19. the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
20. all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

1. a type of heuristic that estimates the probability of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype in our minds, such as when choosing a lawyer and comparing him to the characteristics of a typical lawyer seen in movies or real life
3. the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual uses or purposes
4. the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts the belief
6. time-saving mental shortcuts that are more error-prone
7. smallest/basic set of sounds (/ch/,/i/,/l/,/d/)
8. approaching a problem in one particular way, often one that has been successful in the past
10. the phenomenon that people's confidence in their judgments and knowledge is higher than the accuracy of these judgments
12. a type of heuristic that uses immediate information that comes to mind quickly and easily when making decisions
14. an individual's choice from a set of options is influenced more by how the information is worded than by the information itself
15. linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
18. psychologist who stated that language is innate (nature)