Psychology Unit III: Biology of the Brain

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Across
  1. 4. A brief resting pause after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returned to its resting state
  2. 7. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
  3. 9. The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
  4. 12. The neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
  5. 13. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, linked to reward and emotion
  6. 18. The endocrine system's most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates the growth ad controls other endocrine glands
  7. 21. "Morphine within"- natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
  8. 25. A brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brains natural electrical activity
  9. 26. A molecule that increases a nueroransmitters action
  10. 27. The "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory
  11. 28. Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
  12. 29. The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
  13. 31. Branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses towards the cell body
  14. 33. Cell in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory
  15. 35. A molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitters action
  16. 37. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing the energy
  17. 43. Technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive mri scans. shows brain function as well as structure
  18. 44. A neurons reaction of either firing or not firing
  19. 48. A nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal
  20. 50. A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron
Down
  1. 1. Neurons that carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
  2. 2. Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with the muscles, glands, and sense organs
  3. 3. The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of a peripheral and central nervous systems
  4. 5. A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit memories of facts and events
  5. 6. The brain and spinal cord
  6. 8. A neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and emotion
  7. 10. A neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
  8. 11. A neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
  9. 14. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
  10. 15. A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brains structure
  11. 16. A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue, shows brain anatomy
  12. 17. A pair of endocrine glands that sit above the kidneys and secrete hormones(epinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
  13. 19. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
  14. 20. The brains sensory control center, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
  15. 22. A visual display of the brains activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
  16. 23. The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  17. 24. Neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
  18. 30. Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives(includes amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus)
  19. 32. The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cell's life support center.
  20. 34. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles(also called the skeletal nervous system,)
  21. 36. Two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
  22. 38. A level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
  23. 39. A fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
  24. 40. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(ex.heart)
  25. 41. A neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory
  26. 42. Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between the neurons
  27. 45. A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
  28. 46. An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brains surface, measured by placing electrodes on the scalp
  29. 47. Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
  30. 49. A sample, autonomic response to a sensory stimulis, such as the knee-jerk response