AP Unit 4 Vocab: Sense and Perception Part 2

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Across
  1. 1. perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
  2. 3. hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 197)
  3. 6. the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
  4. 7. retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions; they detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
  5. 12. in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
  6. 13. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
  7. 17. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)
  8. 19. hearing loss- hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves (also called nerve deafness) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 197)
  9. 22. the sense or act of hearing
  10. 23. the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision; contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
  11. 24. the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there
  12. 29. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
  13. 31. the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
  14. 32. a binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
  15. 33. nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 175)
  16. 34. depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes
  17. 35. the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
  18. 36. the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision; for example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red, while others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green
  19. 37. a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
Down
  1. 2. the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
  2. 4. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
  3. 5. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
  4. 8. the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
  5. 9. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
  6. 10. depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
  7. 11. theory the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color
  8. 14. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.; the "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain
  9. 15. a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
  10. 16. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
  11. 18. an organized whole; gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
  12. 20. in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments
  13. 21. a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
  14. 25. in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
  15. 26. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
  16. 27. an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
  17. 28. perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change
  18. 30. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance