AP Unit 6 Vocab Pt 2

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
Across
  1. 2. beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
  2. 5. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
  3. 8. the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
  4. 9. the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
  5. 12. the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
  6. 16. in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
  7. 17. Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
  8. 20. controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
  9. 21. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
  10. 23. thinking- narrows the available problem solutions to determine the best solution
  11. 25. impairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
  12. 26. a mental image or best example of a category; matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing featured creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin)
  13. 28. all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and doing
  14. 29. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Down
  1. 1. expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
  2. 3. estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
  3. 4. judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
  4. 6. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
  5. 7. in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others; in a given language, semantics is the set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds, and syntax is the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
  6. 10. beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements
  7. 11. a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
  8. 13. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone - use of heuristics
  9. 14. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
  10. 15. controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
  11. 18. our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
  12. 19. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but more error-prone than algorithms
  13. 22. early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs
  14. 24. the tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
  15. 27. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past