AP US History Period 1

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Across
  1. 3. A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which affected many sailors during long sea voyages in the Age of Exploration.
  2. 6. The chief of the Powhatan Confederacy, a group of Native American tribes in Virginia encountered by the Jamestown settlers.
  3. 10. An economic system based on the theory that a nation's wealth and power depend on its ability to accumulate gold and silver by exporting more than it imports and establishing colonies as sources of raw materials and markets.
  4. 11. A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, crucial for long-distance exploration.
  5. 12. French Protestants who faced persecution in France and sought religious freedom, some of whom settled in the Americas, particularly in Florida and South Carolina.
  6. 15. A Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the 14th to 16th centuries until it was conquered by Hernán Cortés in 1521.
  7. 17. The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in present-day Virginia.
  8. 18. A system of labor established by the Spanish in the Americas, where Spanish settlers were granted land and native laborers in exchange for converting them to Christianity.
  9. 19. A French settlement founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608, serving as the capital of New France and an important center of the fur trade.
  10. 20. English Separatists who migrated to North America in 1620, seeking religious freedom and establishing Plymouth Colony.
  11. 21. A Spanish conqueror or explorer, particularly those who sought to conquer the indigenous peoples of the Americas in the 16th century.
Down
  1. 1. A Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru in the 16th century.
  2. 2. The practice of owning and exploiting individuals as property, which became a significant aspect of labor in the Americas, particularly in plantation economies.
  3. 4. An ancient Native American city located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri, which was the largest urban center in the pre-Columbian Americas north of Mexico.
  4. 5. A Native American woman belonging to the Powhatan tribe, known for her association with the Jamestown settlement and her role in facilitating relations between the Powhatan Confederacy and the English colonists.
  5. 7. A group of indigenous peoples of the Caribbean encountered by Christopher Columbus during his voyages in the late 15th century.
  6. 8. Large agricultural estates primarily producing cash crops such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, often worked by enslaved laborers.
  7. 9. An Italian explorer and navigator after whom America was named, who made several voyages to the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries
  8. 13. A type of corn that was one of the staple crops of Native American agriculture in the Americas, including present-day Mexico and the southwestern United States.
  9. 14. An early English settlement in present-day North Carolina, often referred to as "The Lost Colony" due to its mysterious disappearance in the late 16th century.
  10. 16. A treaty signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, dividing the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa.