APES Crossword Puzzle

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Across
  1. 1. Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth.
  2. 3. the maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource
  3. 4. a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land
  4. 5. creating flat platforms (almost like steps) in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.
  5. 9. the removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem
  6. 13. A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of humans selecting which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mine.
  7. 14. is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.
  8. 16. is a specialized branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater
  9. 17. present or experienced to a severe or intense degree, having or showing a perceptive understanding or insight shrewd, (of an angle) less than 90°.
  10. 18. The turning-over or "mixing up" of soil before planting.
  11. 19. having a pH greater than 7. Often contrasted with acid or acidic; compare with basic.
  12. 25. a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine
  13. 27. is a term indicating a situation in which it becomes necessary for a farmer to continue using pesticides regularly because they have become an indispensable part of an agricultural cycle.
  14. 30. A set of traits expressed by an individual.
  15. 31. refers to the saturation of soil with water.
  16. 33. complete set of genes
  17. 34. is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it.
  18. 36. artificial structures—such as pavements (roads, sidewalks, parking lots, etc.) that are covered by water-resistant materials
  19. 40. A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor
  20. 41. physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism, determine range of traits
  21. 42. suffering from malnutrition, It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Not enough nutrients
  22. 43. a trait that improves an individual's fitness
  23. 45. is an animal feeding operation that confines animals for more than 45 days during a growing season, in an area that does not produce vegetation, and meets certain size thresholds.
  24. 46. an individual's ability to survive and reproduce
  25. 47. is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.
  26. 48. Part of the water cycle where an excess of water runs down and does not sink into the soil and eventually makes it to the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
  27. 49. refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.
  28. 50. is the upper, outermost layer of soil, It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
Down
  1. 2. is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests.
  2. 3. process when genetic changes bring new species, so larger categories of organisms
  3. 6. confining animals to a small area for a short time before shifting them to a new location
  4. 7. a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating
  5. 8. is a qualitative classification tool used in both the field and laboratory to determine classes for agricultural soils based on their physical texture.
  6. 10. The restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or
  7. 11. a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus.
  8. 12. a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size
  9. 15. is the number of exchangeable cations per dry weight that a soil is capable of holding, at a given pH value, and available for exchange with the soil water solution.
  10. 20. an organism that has acquired one or more genes artificially
  11. 21. A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce.
  12. 22. table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0).
  13. 23. random change in genetic code, caused by mistake in copying process of genes
  14. 24. In agriculture, leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation.
  15. 26. is a measure of the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen. The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
  16. 28. also called waterwheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.
  17. 29. is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
  18. 32. the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture
  19. 35. using a variety of techniques, agricultural, biological and use of minimal amount of pesticides when necessary
  20. 36. is a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity.
  21. 37. refers to a research and development and technology transfer initiatives, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
  22. 38. is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
  23. 39. The genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division.
  24. 44. refers to the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals.”