APES Unit 4 Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. A mountain _____ causes high precipitation on the windward side, low precipitation on the leeward side
  2. 6. breakdown of rock into smaller pieces physically, biologically, or chemically
  3. 10. bottom layer of atmosphere
  4. 11. earth's position when it is maximally tilted towards the sun and has the most sunlight hours
  5. 15. outer layer of the earth, Earth’s surface
  6. 16. Dense earth layer made of nickel, iron, and radioactive elements that release massive amounts of heat
  7. 19. What occurs when When stress overcomes the locked fault, plates suddenly release
  8. 25. Physical earth layer - magma in the mantle, moving
  9. 26. the proportion of light that is reflected by a surface (shininess)
  10. 27. ____ circulation connects all of the world’s oceans, mixing salt, nutrients, and temperature throughout
  11. 28. Physical earth layer - more rigid part of the lower mantle that does not move
  12. 30. nutrient holding capacity. increases with amount of clay.
  13. 31. Pressure builds as plates keep sliding, but edges stay stuck
  14. 32. unequal heating of earth's surface occurs with the most solar energy absorbed at the ___
  15. 35. can moderate the temperature near coasts
  16. 36. permeable layer of rock and sediment underneath the soil that have pore spaces that store groundwater
  17. 37. Causes very warm and rainy conditions in Australia, very dry conditions in south america, very happy fisherpeople in south america
  18. 38. Made of sediment, organic matter, nutrients, water, air, living organisms
  19. 39. The ____ cell is a the atmospheric convection current surrounding the equator
  20. 41. 78% of earth's atmosphere
  21. 42. soil ____ is the % of sand, silt, and clay in a soil
  22. 44. Pattern of earthquakes and volcanos all around the Pacific plate
Down
  1. 1. winds blow warm surface water away from a land mass, drawing up colder, deeper water to replace it
  2. 2. A large ocean circ patterns due to global wind which spins opposite directions in opposite hemispheres
  3. 3. tectonic plates slide past eachother
  4. 5. oceanic and continental plate collide, oceanic sinks beneath, melts, erupts as volcano
  5. 7. Order of first letter of atmosphere layers from bottom to top
  6. 8. the amount of solar (sun) radiation (energy from sun’s rays) reaching an area
  7. 9. tectonic plates collide
  8. 12. contains the ozone layer that protects us from harmful solar radiation
  9. 13. A phenomenon that causes the opposite of normal conditions in the pacific ocean due to reversed trade winds
  10. 14. Water _______ is how well water is retained by a soil
  11. 17. What is the order of soil horizons from top to bottom
  12. 18. Three parts like an oreo cookie. Top - rigid. Middle is magma (hot, soft-bendy rock), which moves through convection, moving plates with it. Bottom is rigid.
  13. 20. material The rock from which the sediment is weathered
  14. 21. seasons are caused by earth's _____
  15. 22. All of the land that drains into a specific body of water
  16. 23. Soil _____ are empty spaces between particles
  17. 24. the winds closest to the equator
  18. 29. how easily water drains through a soil
  19. 33. ___ cooling is when As air rises, there is less pressure on it, so the volume increases, so the temperature decreases
  20. 34. Physical earth layer that is rigid rock - crust and upper part of the mantle
  21. 40. transport of weathered rock away by wind or rain, carried to a new location
  22. 43. ____ effect is the deflection of an object's path due to the rotation of the earth