APES Unit 8

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Across
  1. 3. production of enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival and, in good yeas, a surplus to sell or put aside for hard times
  2. 6. production of enough food for a farm family's survival and perhaps a surplus that can be sold; this type of agriculture uses higher inputs of labor, fertilizer, and water than traditional subsistence agriculture
  3. 9. growing and harvesting of fish and shellfish for human use in freshwater ponds, irrigation ditches, and lakes, or in cages or fenced-in areas of coastal lagoons and estuaries
  4. 12. growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot; for example, a carbohydrate-rich grain that depletes soil nitrogen and a protein-rich legume that adds nitrogen to the soil may be intercropped
  5. 14. Substance that destroys many different organisms
  6. 18. the amount of a potentially harmful substance that is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin
  7. 19. consuming insufficient food to meet one's minimum daily energy needs for a long enough time to cause harmful effects
  8. 22. conversion of rangeland, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desert-like land, with a drop in agricultural productivity of 10% or more; it usually is caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, prolonged drought, and climate change
  9. 24. row of trees or hedges planted to partially block wind flow and reduce soil erosion on cultivated land
  10. 27. planting regular crops and close-growing plants, such as hay or nitrogen-fixing legumes, in alternating rows or bands to help reduce depletion of soil nutrients
  11. 29. cultivation of a single crop, usually on a large area of land
  12. 30. planting crops on a long, steep slope that has been converted into a series of broad, nearly level terraces with short vertical drops from one to another that run along the contour of the land to retain water and reduce soil erosion
  13. 31. a large area of cropland in the midwestern United States that had to be abandoned because of severe soil erosion caused by a combination of poor cultivation practices and prolonged drought
  14. 32. saturation of soil with irrigation water or excessive precipitation so that the water table rises close to the surface
  15. 33. simultaneously growing a variety of crops on the same plot
  16. 35. increase in the concentration of a chemical in specific organs or tissues at a level higher than would normally be expected
  17. 38. complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants that mature at different times are planted together
  18. 39. The ability of individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
  19. 40. measure of how harmful a substance is
  20. 41. using risk assessment and other information to determine options and make decisions about reducing or eliminating risks
  21. 42. any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease
  22. 43. accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth
Down
  1. 1. increase in concentration of DDT, PCBs, and other slowly degradable, fat-soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web
  2. 2. the resulting type & amount of damage to health - acute or chronic
  3. 4. chemical that kills insects
  4. 5. planting a plot of land with several varieties of the same crop
  5. 7. alley cropping: planting trees and crops together
  6. 8. using large inputs of energy from fossil fuels (especially oil and natural gas), water, fertilizer, and pesticides to produce large quantities of crops and livestock for domestic and foreign sale
  7. 10. a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species
  8. 11. chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses that cause or promote the development of cancer
  9. 13. chemicals that mimic hormones and interfere with natural hormones
  10. 15. diet so high in calories, saturated (animal) fats, salt, sugar, and processed foods and so low in vegetables and fruits that the consumer runs a high risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and other health hazards
  11. 16. Genetically modified rice that produces edible beta-carotene, which the body can turn into vitamin A
  12. 17. faulty nutrition, caused by a diet that does not supply an individual with enough protein, essential fats, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed for good health
  13. 20. chemical that adversely affects the health of a living human or animal by causing injury, illness, or death
  14. 21. the organism that causes malaria
  15. 23. an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to an exposure ranging from dizziness to death; characterized by sudden and severe exposure and rapid absorption of the substance. Normally, a single large exposure is involved
  16. 25. process of gathering data and making assumptions to estimate short-and long-term harmful effects on human health or the environment from exposure to hazards associated with the use of a particular product or technology
  17. 26. chemical or form of radiation that causes inheritable changes (mutations) in the DNA molecules in genes
  18. 28. popular term for the introduction of scientifically bred or selected varieties of grain (rice, wheat, maize) that, with adequate inputs of fertilizer and water, can greatly increase crop yields
  19. 34. probability that something undesirable will result from deliberate or accidental exposure to a hazard
  20. 36. median lethal dose; amount of toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time
  21. 37. chemical, ionizing agent, or virus that causes birth defect
  22. 38. any chemical designed to kill or inhibit the growth of an organism that people consider undesirable