Applied Physics

4. A physical vector quantity.
6. The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
9. The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
10. The change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two different media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated.
11. The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.

1. The rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
2. The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
3. The rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave, either in a material (as in sound waves), or in an electromagnetic field (as in radio waves and light), usually measured per second.
5. The process by which sound waves travel through a medium.
7. A device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
8. A material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely.