Applied Physics

4. The throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without absorbing it.
6. The rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
8. The speed of something in a given direction.
9. A substance that does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound.
10. The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
11. The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

1. The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
2. The rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave, either in a material (as in sound waves), or in an electromagnetic field (as in radio waves and light), usually measured per second.
3. spectrum The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
5. The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
7. A device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules.