APUSH Spring Midterm

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Across
  1. 5. An agreement signed in 1814 which ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain, restoring conquered territory to its original owners and establishing peace between the two nations.
  2. 8. Diplomatic incident between the United States and France, where French agents demanded a bribe from American diplomats, leading to a breakdown in diplomatic relations and an undeclared naval war.
  3. 10. A political practice in which government jobs and appointments are awarded based on loyalty and support to the winning political party, rather than merit or qualifications.
  4. 11. Legislation passed during John Adams's presidency that criminalized criticism of the government, particularly aimed at suppressing dissent against the Federalist administration.
  5. 12. A controversial law enacted by the U.S. government, which made it illegal to impede government policies or falsely defame government officials. The act imposed heavy fines and imprisonment as penalties for those found guilty of sedition, leading to criticism for its perceived violation of free speech rights.
  6. 14. An executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1836, mandating that all public lands must be purchased with metallic money (gold or silver), aimed at curbing land speculation and stabilizing the economy.
  7. 16. A historical event referring to the alleged backroom deal in the 1824 presidential election, where it was claimed that Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams in exchange for a cabinet position, revealing the flaws in the electoral process and leading to changes in political practices.
  8. 17. A legislative measure passed by Congress in 1833, authorizing the President to use military force, if necessary, to collect federal tariff duties in states that refused to comply with federal laws.
  9. 18. Name of the convention that convened in South Carolina in response to the Tariff of 1828, where delegates threatened to nullify the tariff within the state and even discussed the possibility of secession from the Union if the federal government attempted to enforce the tariffs by force.
  10. 19. Name for compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention regarding the counting of slaves for population representation, whereby slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for determining congressional representation and taxation.
  11. 20. A controversial tariff passed by Congress in 1828, known as the "Tariff of Abominations," imposing high import duties, particularly resented by Southern states for its perceived discrimination against them and exacerbating sectional tensions.
  12. 21. A significant Supreme Court case in 1819 that confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States and established the principle of federal supremacy, prohibiting states from taxing or interfering with federal institutions.
  13. 22. The British practice of forcibly conscripting American sailors into the Royal Navy, leading to outrage and diplomatic disputes between the United States and Britain during the early 19th century.
  14. 25. A legislative agreement passed by Congress in 1820, prohibiting slavery in the remaining territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the parallel 36°30', except for this state.
Down
  1. 1. A protest by farmers and distillers in Pennsylvania against the excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating resistance to federal taxation and authority.
  2. 2. A military engagement in 1815 where General Andrew Jackson successfully defended the city this city against British forces, marking a decisive American victory in the War of 1812.
  3. 3. A comprehensive economic plan proposed by Henry Clay, comprising a strong banking system, a protective tariff to promote domestic industry, and investment in infrastructure such as roads and canals to facilitate commerce and national development.
  4. 4. A political faction led by Alexander Hamilton that advocated for a strong central government, supported private enterprise, and favored close ties with Britain. Hamilton Federalists primarily consisted of wealthy merchants, landowners, and financiers, predominantly located along the Atlantic seaboard.
  5. 6. A foreign policy statement articulated by President James Monroe in 1823, warning European powers against further colonization or intervention in the Americas, asserting American dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
  6. 7. Legislation passed by the United States government that increased the residency requirements for aliens seeking citizenship from 5 years to 14 years. These laws aimed to restrict the naturalization process and limit the political influence of immigrants.
  7. 9. A landmark Supreme Court case in 1803 that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the judiciary to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional and assert its authority over the other branches of government.
  8. 12. A revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers and ex-soldiers protesting economic injustices and the inability of the weak central government under the Articles of Confederation to address their grievances.
  9. 13. An agreement signed in 1819 between the United States and Spain, in which Spain ceded this state in exchange for rights to Texas.
  10. 15. A Supreme Court case in 1824 that affirmed the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, superseding state laws in matters of trade between states.
  11. 23. South Carolina_____________, a political document authored by John C. Calhoun in 1828, protesting against the Tariff of 1828 as unjust and unconstitutional, laying the groundwork for the doctrine of nullification and advocating states' rights.
  12. 24. An agreement reached between the United States and Britain in 1817, limiting naval armament on the Great Lakes and leading to the establishment of the world's longest unfortified border between the U.S. and Canada.