APUSH Chapter 1 Identification Terms

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Across
  1. 2. First part of the North American landmass to emerge above sea level.
  2. 5. "Sad Night" when the Aztecs attacked Hernan Cortes and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, killing hundreds.
  3. 10. Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland
  4. 12. Fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Onate and the Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico.
  5. 15. Small maritime vessel with high decks and three triangular sails.
  6. 16. During the late 15th century, they became King and Queen of a united Spain after centuries of Islamic domination.
  7. 18. Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D.; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields.
  8. 21. Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia.
  9. 22. Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present-day Peru until it was conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532.
  10. 24. Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima
  11. 25. Sixteenth-century Spaniards who fanned out across the Americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Incan Empires.
Down
  1. 1. Genoese explorer who stumbled upon the West Indies in 1492 while in search of a new water route to Asia.
  2. 3. Native American empire that controlled present-day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernán Cortés.
  3. 4. Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico.
  4. 6. Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico.
  5. 7. Spanish government's policy to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them.
  6. 8. Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans
  7. 9. A large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor.
  8. 11. Economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets.
  9. 13. Indian slave woman who was an interpreter for Hernan Cortez on his conquest of the Aztecs.
  10. 14. False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ.
  11. 17. Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV.
  12. 19. People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico.
  13. 20. Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.
  14. 23. The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societiesafter 1492.