Arborists' Study Guide Vocab Chapter 1-Tree Biology pt.3

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Across
  1. 1. entire mass of protoplasm of all the cells in a plant, interconnected by plasmodesmata. Symplast
  2. 4. region lying between the tropics and the poles that has relatively moderate temperatures
  3. 7. end-to-end, tubelike, water-conducting cells in the xylem of angiosperms
  4. 8. central, vertical root growing directly below the main stem or trunk that may or may not persist into plant maturity
  5. 9. specialized phloem cells involved in the photosynthate transport. Exist only in angiosperms
  6. 10. pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood
  7. 13. lateral movement of substances, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree or stem
  8. 16. downward-growing roots that provide anchorage and take up water and minerals. Especially useful during periods of drought
  9. 17. main water-and mineral-conducting (unidirectional, up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises(inward) from the cambium and becomes wood for lignifying.
  10. 20. increase in the root and stem girth or diameter. Occurs on lateral meristems in some vascular plants such as dicots
  11. 21. tendency of growth or variation of a plant in response to an external stimulus such as gravity(geotropism) or light(phototropism)
  12. 24. in plants, process by which carbs are converted into energy by using oxygen
  13. 25. in physiology, plant part that produces carbs. Mature leaves are sources
  14. 27. water vapor loss through the stomata of leaves
  15. 30. region at the base of a palm stem where lateral roots emerge
Down
  1. 2. long, slender phloem cell in gymnosperms
  2. 3. natural boundary formed chemically within a tree to separate damaged wood from existing healthy wood. Important process of compartmentalization
  3. 5. substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance point of origin
  4. 6. compound effective in small quantities that affects the growth and/or development of plants. May be naturally produced(hormone) or synthetic
  5. 11. association of two different types of living organisms that is often, but not always, beneficial to each
  6. 12. parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defense
  7. 14. area where the main roots join the plant stem, usually at or near ground level. Root collar
  8. 15. bud at the tip of a twig or shoot. Apical bud
  9. 18. elongated, tapering xylem cell adapted for the support and transport of water and elements
  10. 19. process of increasing plant numbers, both sexually and asexually
  11. 22. outer wood(xylem) that is active in the longitudinal transport of water and minerals
  12. 23. root and stem growth in length. Occurs at the apical meristems and lateral meristems of all vascular plants
  13. 26. dense network of roots near the base of a palm
  14. 28. small pores, between two guard cells on the underside of leaves and other green plant parts, through which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated
  15. 29. plant part that uses or stores more energy than it produces