Archaeological Conservation and Preservation

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Across
  1. 6. Archaeologists and civilians often find ____________ of artefacts, which are goods that were buried in the ground by people fleeing a conflict and who never had the chance to return to salvage their items.
  2. 7. Layers of ____________ ash, mud, silt and sand can all preserve the artefacts buried beneath them.
  3. 11. Archaeological evidence is often preserved in peat ____________ and marshes where acids in the soil prevent decay.
  4. 12. Because so many artefacts have been lost, archaeologists must understand that their interpretations of the past are limited by ____________.
  5. 13. Archaeologists often find artefacts at ____________ sites because hidden tombs have protected goods and bodies from grave robbers.
  6. 14. Dry climates in desert regions ____________ artefacts because the heat and absence of moisture prevent decay.
  7. 16. Air pollution from traffic emissions and factories can create ____________ rain, which destroys ancient stonework.
  8. 18. The discovery of hoards is often ____________, for example by farmers ploughing their fields.
  9. 20. Fire can transform perishable objects like clay and grain into a ____________ form, preserving it well.
  10. 21. Both the natural environment and the actions of ____________ are responsible for the destruction of artefacts.
  11. 22. Very cold and icy climates provide perfect conditions for preserving organic material like human ____________.
  12. 26. The effects of the climate, such as heat, cold, wind and rain, can also lead to the ____________ of artefacts.
Down
  1. 1. During a war, archaeological sites are often ____________.
  2. 2. Many artefacts have been lost through the natural process of ____________ over centuries.
  3. 3. The chemicals of a plant can react with the ____________ in the soil to the prevent decay of buried artefacts.
  4. 4. During the second Gulf War, civilians stole a priceless collection of artefacts from the ____________ museum.
  5. 5. It is likely that many more sources have been ____________ over time than preserved by archaeologists.
  6. 8. The ____________ of roads, skyscrapers, housing developments and shopping malls destroys the archaeological evidence that lays beneath.
  7. 9. Rats, mice, insects, fungi and bacteria can all eat and destroy ____________ remains.
  8. 10. Artefacts made of stone, brick, flint, gold, bronze and clay typically ____________ well.
  9. 15. The Bamiyan buddhas of Afghanistan, dating to the 4th and 5th Centuries AD, were destroyed by the ____________ by using dynamite.
  10. 17. Organic materials, human and animal remains, textiles, papyrus and paper usually ____________ rapidly.
  11. 19. Floods, earthquakes, land subsidence (sinking land) and volcanoes are examples of natural ____________ that have destroyed archaeological evidence.
  12. 23. ____________ is a brown material like soil, made from decomposing vegetable matter in wet and acidic conditions.
  13. 24. Plants can cause deterioration of artefacts because they grow and their roots crack stonework.
  14. 25. Modern mass ____________ is a major cause of the damage and destruction of historic sites.