Art Metals/Jewelry

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Across
  1. 4. is a cutting action; metal is removed by an abrasive (like emery paper or steel wool). A process to remove scratches of all sizes, by progressively shrinking the scratches, smaller and smaller, until it looks polished.
  2. 6. a unit of measurement used to define the thickness of metal. The higher the number the thinner the metal: for example 18 is thicker than 20.
  3. 8. made of silver and other alloys, it has a low melting temperature and is used to join separate pieces of metal together when it is liquid. In its liquid state, it uses capillary action to run along tight seams, and also soak into the pores of the other metals. When cooled, this creates a strong joint.
  4. 9. a cast iron form with a hardened steel surface. It has both flat and rounded surfaces, used to shape metal through forging. We strike metal with a softer hammer than the anvil, therefore, the anvil is the surface that bends or shapes the metal, not the mallet
  5. 10. an acidic solution that cleans the metal projects, to free them from oxides and other impurities that prevent solder from flowing. This bath should be used after applying a gas flame to the metal, and is essential prior to additional soldering.
Down
  1. 1. is the last stage in finishing. It is a combination of both a cutting and burnishing action. Some metal is removed, but most is heated by friction and is burnished to a high mirror finish.
  2. 2. is a thin layer that variously forms on the surface of copper, brass, bronze, and similar metals; an acquired change of a surface through age and exposure.
  3. 3. heating metal to a temperature at which it glows slightly dull red, only visible in a darkened room. This warms the molecules in the metal so that it relaxes the tension in the metal, making it easier to bend/shape.
  4. 5. a chemical mixture, including borax, that prevents the oxidation of the metal while under the flame of the torch. it comes in both liquid and paste form. it boils during the heating process to become a protective white foam layer, and then melts to go clear shortly before the solder flow temperature is reached. At this point it keeps the metal surface clean so the solder can flow.
  5. 6. measures the coarseness of emery paper and sandpaper. The smaller the number the coarser it is, while the larger the number the finer it is. 220 is rougher than 400.
  6. 7. shaping of metal with a hammer or punch, against a solid surface like the anvil or a dapping block. The solid anvil is what bends the metal, not the hammer.
  7. 8. used to create a spark that lights the gas torch. NEVER use matches or gas lighters that create a flame to light the Acetylene gas torch.