AS PHYSICS

Across

2. What is the exchange particle involved in weak interaction (the other is Z)?
4. Cause readings to be spread about the true value, due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next?
9. Values in a set of results which are judged not to be part of the variation caused by random uncertainty?
11. A particle and its corresponding antiparticle have opposite?
12. What classification do particles and antiparticles that can interact through the strong interaction belong to?
15. What classification do particles and antiparticles that cannot interact through the strong interaction belong to?
16. Which constant is equal to 6.63x10^(-34)Js?
18. Percentage uncertainty for a _________ measurement can be calculated using(uncertainty/mean value) x 100%.
22. When a gamma photon changes into a particle and an antiparticle?
24. Which prefix has the value x10^(12)?
25. In addition to energy, what else is conserved in annihilation?
27. What is m/s a unit of?
29. What is work measured in?
30. What is the lowest energy state of an atom?
33. Which prefix has the value x10^(-15)?
35. A conclusion supported by valid data, obtained from an appropriate experimental design and based on sound reasoning?
37. What is the exchange particle involved in electromagnetic interaction?
39. What is measured in volts?
41. Which unit is equivalent to kg m^(2)s^(-3)A^(-1)?
46. The number of protons in a nucleus, Z?
47. A zero error may result in a _________ uncertainty?
50. What unit is 1.6x10(-19)J equivalent to?
51. Interactions between hadrons and leptons are carried by?
53. What is the minimum amount of energy needed by an electron to escape from a metal surface called?
54. Physical, chemical or biological quantities or characteristics?
55. Which prefix has the value x10^(-9)?
56. The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables; important in ensuring that any pattern is detected?
57. Which prefix has the value x10^(-12)?
58. Which prefix has the value x10^(-6)?
60. A measurement is __________ if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment and obtains the same results.
63. Measurements which there is very little spread about the mean value?
64. What consists of an electric and a magnetic wave which travel together and vibrate at right angles to each other and to the direction in which they are travelling, and in phase with each other?
66. In the photoelectric effect, a photon interacts with ___ electron on the plate.
68. Which particle has a charge of 0C and mass 1.67x10^(-27)kg?
69. Neutrinos and antineutrinos have no charge, are hard to detect and ____________?
70. Which prefix has the value x10^(-2)?
71. Total lepton number is ________ conserved in a particle interaction.
73. Which force force acts between all charged particles and has an infinite range?
74. Which type of EM radiation has the shortest wavelength and highest frequency?
75. Which quark has a strangeness of -1?
76. In pair production, if the incident photon has more energy than needed, what does the excess energy appear as?
79. Sources of systematic error can include the environment, methods of observation or _________ used.
80. A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations?
83. What is the exchange particle involved in strong interaction?
84. Which prefix has the value x10^(6)?
85. Glow of light from a substance exposed to ultraviolet radiation; the atoms de-excite in stages and emit visible photons in the process?
86. What category does a hadron consisting of three quarks belong to?
87. A type of categoric variable where there is no ordering of categories?
89. Which prefix has the value x10^(-1)?
92. A measurement is ____________ if the investigation is repeated by another person, or by using different equipment or techniques, and the same results are obtained.
93. In the photoelectric effect, the number of photoelectrons emitted per second depends on the _________ of incident radiation.
94. A statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observation, experience or a hypothesis?
97. Which force acts between all particles with mass and has an infinite range?
99. The value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement?
100. Which quark has a +2/3 charge?
102. What are hadrons composed of?
107. What category does a hadron consisting of a quark and antiquark belong to?
108. Marking a scale on a measuring instrument, that involves establishing the relationship between indications of a measuring instrument and standard or reference quantity values, which must be applied?
109. What is a 'packet' of energy referred to as?
110. A ____ test is one in which only the independent variable has been allowed to affect the dependent variable.
113. Particles and antiparticles have the ____ rest mass and equal, opposite charge.
114. When a particle and its antiparticle meet, they destroy each other and become radiation- this is what?
115. Which particle has a charge of -1.6x10^(-19)C and mass 9.11x10^(-31)kg?]
116. Variables can have values (called a quantity) that can be given a magnitude either by counting or by measurement?
117. Total charge is ________ conserved in a particle interaction.
118. Which prefix has the value x10^(-3)?

Down

1. Percentage uncertainty for a _________ can be calculated using([best gradient-worst gradient]/best gradient) x 100%.
3. What is the joint name for protons and neutrons?
5. What is the minimum potential that needs to be applied to a metal plate to attract all the photoelectrons emitted from its surface back to the surface called?
6. What is the exchange particle involved in gravitational interaction?
7. Which force is responsible for radioactive decay and the change in quark flavour? It acts between all particles an has a range of about x10^(-3)fm.
8. Atom of same element with same number of protons and different number of neutrons?
10. What has the units Ckg^(-1)?
13. Errors that can be dealt with by simple repeats and calculating a new mean value?
14. Which type of EM radiation has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency?
17. Cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made?
19. Percentage uncertainty for a _________ can be calculated using([best y-intercept - worst y-intercept]/best y-intercept) x 100%.
20. What is minimum frequency of light that can cause photoelectric effect?
21. Any indication that a measuring system gives a false reading when the true value of a measured quantity is zero?
23. What is an atom which has gained or lost electrons called?
26. The quantity between reading?
28. The variable of which the value is measured for each and every change in the independent variable?
31. Which force acts between particles in the nucleus and is responsible for the stability of the nucleus?
32. What additional particle is produce in Beta- decay to satisfy conservation laws?
34. Information, either qualitative or quantitative, that has been collected?
36. What is the unit of charge?
38. The total number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus, A?
39. What is calculated using (uncertainty/value) x 100%?
40. A line graph, not necessarily on a grid, that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables?
42. The interval within which the true value can be expected to lie, with a given level of confidence or probability?
43. What is the maximum displacement of a vibrating particle?
44. What is calculated using nhf, where n is the number of photons in the beam passing a fixed point each second?
45. The difference between a measured value and the true value?
48. In the nucleus, the strong nuclear force is _________ from 0.5fm to 3fm.
49. What is the process of creating ions?
52. Which force has a 3-4fm range?
59. What is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when the surface is illuminated by light of frequency greater than a minimum value known as the threshold frequency referred to as?
61. The variable for which values are changed or selected by the investigator?
62. A measurement that is obtained using accurately calibrated instruments correctly is said to be ----?
65. What is the unit of current?
67. Specific charge is equal to charge divided by what?
72. Variables which have values that are labels?
77. What is calculated using hf?
78. The smallest change in the quantity being measured (input) of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading?
81. Suitability of the investigative procedure to answer the question being asked?
82. What is change in velocity per unit time?
88. A Hadron consists of three what?
90. What additional particle is produce in Beta+ decay to satisfy conservation laws?
91. In the nucleus, the strong nuclear force is _________ under 0.5fm?
95. A particle and its corresponding antiparticle have an equal?
96. Data which has been shown to be valid?
98. Which prefix has the value x10^(3)?
101. Which particle has a charge of +1.6x10^(-19)C and mass 1.67x10^(-27)kg?
103. Particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons?
104. A variable which may, in addition to the independent variable, affect the outcome of the investigation and therefore has to be kept constant or at least monitored?
105. Strangeness is conserved in which particle interactions?
106. Which unit is equivalent to kg ms^(-2)?
111. Which meson has a strangeness?
112. Which prefix has the value x10^(9)?