Asia

2. The ruler of an empire or dynasty; in China, the highest authority in the imperial system.
5. He, A Chinese Muslim admiral who led seven major voyages across Asia and Africa, showcasing China’s wealth and power.
8. Dynasty, The final imperial dynasty of China; maintained Chinese traditions and expanded the empire’s borders.
9. States Period, A period of civil war in Japan where local lords (daimyo) fought for power.
11. People from northeast Asia who invaded China, overthrew the Ming, and established the Qing Dynasty.
15. Shogunate, The military government that unified Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu and established order.
16. A series of rulers from the same family; a period in which one family maintains power over a country.
17. Hongwu’s son; promoted exploration and moved the capital to Beijing; sponsored Zheng He’s voyages.

1. System, A system where foreign nations had to pay tribute and perform rituals like the “kowtow” to trade with China, showing respect and submission.
3. Dynasty, The Chinese dynasty that defeated the Mongols and restored Chinese rule, focusing on stability, agriculture, and power.
4. Qing emperor who ruled for 60 years; reduced government expenses, lowered taxes, and supported scholars.
6. Founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty; restored farmland, erased Mongol influence, and strengthened Chinese traditions.
7. Powerful Japanese feudal lords who ruled local lands and had their own armies of samurai.
10. A policy of limiting foreign influence and trade; under the Ming, China restricted contact with outsiders and allowed limited trade at specific ports.
12. Country Policy, Japan’s policy to isolate itself from most foreign contact; only the Dutch and Chinese could trade at Nagasaki port.
13. Grandson of Kangxi; expanded China to its largest size and brought great prosperity.
14. A ritual of kneeling and touching one’s head to the ground in respect to the Chinese emperor.