Astronomy: Jupiter

3. The phenomenon where different parts of a non-solid body (like Jupiter) rotate at different speeds; Jupiter's equator spins faster than its poles.
4. The internal friction caused by the gravitational pull of Jupiter and other moons stretching and squeezing a satellite (like Io), generating heat.
5. A technique used by spacecraft (like Voyager) using Jupiter's immense gravity to increase speed and alter their trajectory toward the outer solar system.
9. Brilliant light displays at Jupiter's poles, created by high-energy particles from the solar wind and Io's volcanoes interacting with the magnetic field.
10. A type of planet composed mostly of gases, such as hydrogen and helium, with a relatively small rocky core.
12. The largest moon in the Solar System (larger than the planet Mercury) and the only moon known to have its own magnetic field.
13. Jupiter has a very small axial tilt (obliquity) of only 3 degrees, meaning it does not experience significant seasonal changes.
15. The NASA spacecraft currently orbiting Jupiter, studying its composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.
18. The four largest moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610.
19. The minimum distance to which a large satellite can approach its primary body without being torn apart by tidal forces; Jupiter's rings are within this limit.

1. A Galilean moon with a smooth, icy surface believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean of liquid water, making it a prime target for finding life.
2. A state of matter existing inside Jupiter due to extreme pressure, where hydrogen acts like an electrical conductor and generates the planet's magnetic field.
6. The innermost Galilean moon, known for being the most volcanically active body in the Solar System due to immense tidal heating.
7. A high-pressure anticyclonic storm on Jupiter that has been raging for at least 300 years and is large enough to fit Earth inside.
8. The region of space controlled by Jupiter's powerful magnetic field, which is the strongest of any planet in the Solar System.
11. The primary composition of the visible upper cloud deck on Jupiter, which forms the distinctive white zones.
14. The pattern of alternating east-west wind bands (belts and zones) in Jupiter's atmosphere that move in opposite directions.
16. The outermost Galilean moon, known for being the most heavily cratered object in the Solar System, indicating a very old, inactive surface.
17. Jupiter is so massive that it contains 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System combined.