Atomic Physics and Nuclear Physics - Google Play www.pkseripros.com

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Across
  1. 4. To determine the age of a fossil from the carboniferous period, use __________ .
  2. 6. The X-ray spectrum emitted by the anode consists of _______ and a continuous spectrum of radiation
  3. 8. Millikan’s oil drop experiment showed that charge was _______________.
  4. 12. Most common radioactive substance that can enter basements of homes in the USA through cracks and crevices becoming a health hazard.
  5. 13. A unit that is equivalent to the mass of 1/12 the mass of 1 carbon-12 atom or 1.6605389 x 10-24 grams
  6. 14. For atoms with nucleon number _______ than 56, fission normally occurs more readily.
  7. 18. How many neutrons does the Helium, (_2^3)He have?
  8. 19. What is N in this equation: A = Z + N?
  9. 21. _____________ -131 is the most common type of radioisotope therapy.
  10. 22. ________________ proposed that all matter has wave properties and that wavelength is given by λ = h/p, where h is Plank’s constant, and p is momentum.
  11. 24. In the equation E=hf, what does the f represent?
  12. 26. Spontaneous and random means that is ________ to predict when a particular nucleus will decay, but it is possible to estimate the probability of decay if the half-life is known.
  13. 29. Spontaneous disintegration of the atomic nuclei leading to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.
  14. 31. In an ___________________ line spectra, black mines are observed.
  15. 32. __________ has 56 nucleons and has one of the most stable nuclei of all elements.
  16. 33. Theory that proposes that electrons travel around a central nucleus in orbits of discrete or fixed energy and emission spectra ware due to loss of energy when an electron moved from an outer to a closer -to-the-nucleus inner orbital energy level.
  17. 34. Which of the three types of radioactive emissions is not a particle?
  18. 35. ___________ of an ejected electron equals the photon energy minus the binding energy BE of the electron in the specific material.
  19. 38. A device that combines data from several X-rays to produce a detailed 2- or 3-dimensional images of structures inside the body.
  20. 44. The minimum frequency of the incident radiation below which photoelectric emission or emission of electrons is not possible
  21. 45. The difference between the sum of the masses of the individual particles of the nucleus of an atom and the actual mass of the atom or nucleus
  22. 47. Device that produces visual and audible signals when ionizing radiation is detected.
  23. 49. The larger the binding energy per nucleon, the greater the work that must be done to remove the nucleon from the nucleus, and the ________ stable the nucleus is.
  24. 50. Type of reaction: He (_1^1)H+(_1^2)H=(_2^3)He
  25. 51. What is A in this equation: A = Z + N?
  26. 53. Released when a nucleus is formed or absorbed when a nucleus is split into its constituent parts.
  27. 54. The time take for half of the unstable nuclei of a sample of radioactive material to decay.
Down
  1. 1. Light strikes a metal can cause the emission of an electron.
  2. 2. Evidence of the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation
  3. 3. T1/2 = 0.693/λ: what does the symbol mean?
  4. 5. Responsible for the Plum-pudding atomic model in which electrons were embedded in a positively charged atom like the plums were embedded in a pudding.
  5. 7. Discreet
  6. 9. The SI unit of activity is the___________.
  7. 10. Material used to minimize exposure to radioactive materials in hospitals and nuclear plants
  8. 11. Dependent or independent? The kinetic energy of photoelectrons and the intensity of incident radiation
  9. 15. A model that characterizes light as having particle properties: momentum and energy, and as having wave properties: wavelength and frequency.
  10. 16. The maximum wavelength above which no leakage current or photoemission occur since the photon energy is now less than the gap between the valence and the conduction band.
  11. 17. _________ has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
  12. 20. Evidence for the wave nature of particles
  13. 23. In an ___________________ line spectra, NO black mines are observed.
  14. 25. A hollow tune for detection of nuclear radiation.
  15. 27. A substance, microorganism, virus, prion or toxin that poses a threat to humans and other living organisms.
  16. 28. The minimum electric potential required to be applied to a charged particle in motion, i.e. with kinetic energy, to completely stop it from moving.
  17. 30. What is Z in this equation: A = Z + N?
  18. 36. Natural or artificial ionizing radiation in an environment, not due to deliberate introduction.
  19. 37. The minimum quantity of energy which is required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal to infinity.
  20. 38. A supersaturated vapor of water or alcohol chamber used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.
  21. 39. a continuous spectrum of X-ray radiation caused by the violent deceleration of charges of the electrons as they hit the anode
  22. 40. Who is credited for this equation: ΔE = Δm c2?
  23. 41. The process by which an unstable nucleus of an atom spontaneously emits energy in the form of radiation, to form one or more stable nuclei of other elements.
  24. 42. A unit of energy that is equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained or lost by a single accelerating from rest through an electric potential difference of one in vacuum
  25. 43. For atoms with nucleon number _______ than 56, fusion normally occurs more readily.
  26. 46. The thin gold-foil alpha particle scattering experiments where most particles went straight through undeviating, but some were reflected right back at the source, provide evidence for the ______ model of the atom
  27. 48. Besides death, ___________ is a very serious effect of very high levels of radiation exposure
  28. 50. Splitting a nucleus of an atom into lighter nuclei with the release of a lot of energy.
  29. 52. Theory that proposes that electrons travel around a central nucleus in orbits and that most of the atomic mass, a tiny positively charged, dense core was in the nucleus around which negative particles orbited.