Atoms and the Periodic Table

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Across
  1. 2. The minimum amount of any physical entity, such as energy, involved in an interaction. A property is "quantized" if its magnitude can only exist as discrete values.
  2. 6. A full valence (outermost) electron shell.
  3. 7. A one or two-letter abbreviation for a chemical element, such as H for hydrogen or He for helium.
  4. 8. The total mass of an atom's protons and neutrons. This is used for a specific isotope.
  5. 9. A conceptual model of the atom that depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus at fixed, quantized energy levels. It was crucial for explaining the atomic spectra of hydrogen.
  6. 10. The unique pattern of light emitted or absorbed by atoms when their electrons move between different energy levels. It provides a "fingerprint" for an element.
  7. 11. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
  8. 14. A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.
  9. 19. A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties, largely due to having the same number of valence electrons.
  10. 20. A neutral (no charge) subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus.
  11. 21. A simplified, abstract representation used to illustrate and explain a complex system or process. It helps to understand or visualize how something works.
  12. 22. Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers.
  13. 23. A subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus. Its mass is significantly lighter than that of a proton or neutron.
  14. 24. A collective term for the subatomic particles—protons and neutrons—that reside in the atomic nucleus.
Down
  1. 1. A set of numerical values that describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom, defining its energy level, orbital shape, orientation, and spin.
  2. 3. A horizontal row in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
  3. 4. A tangible, often scaled-down, representation of an object or system. It can be a three-dimensional object or a two-dimensional diagram used to visualize and analyze complex structures.
  4. 5. An electron in the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons participate in chemical bonding and determine the atom's chemical properties.
  5. 8. The dense, central, positively charged core of an atom, containing virtually all of its mass and composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral) called nucleons
  6. 12. A diagram that represents the valence electrons of an atom or molecule using dots and shows the chemical bonds as lines.
  7. 13. The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons. It is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
  8. 15. In a chemical context, this refers to a formula containing only the symbols for elements, often with subscripts indicating the ratio of atoms in a substance.
  9. 16. A pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
  10. 17. A stable subatomic particle in the atomic nucleus with a positive charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron's negative charge.
  11. 18. a feature in DHCP server administration that groups multiple IP address scopes under a single administrative umbrella.