Avian Anatomy & Physiology

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Across
  1. 4. What principle creates lift thanks to the shape, lamination, and durability of the structure of the wing?
  2. 6. Feathers are composed of what?
  3. 7. What organ in the chicken produces several fatty acids and 8 B-vitamins for absorption?
  4. 8. What digestive structure stores food?
  5. 11. The gizzard is composed of what kind of membrane which means it is fortified with carbohydrates and cellular components?
  6. 13. What structure is important to de-laminate feathers for temperature regulation? (2 words)
  7. 16. Most birds have how many pairs of tail feathers?
  8. 17. Where does CO2—O2 exchange occur in the chicken lungs?
  9. 18. How does the trachea in birds compare to mammals? Is it longer or shorter?
  10. 19. Feathers lacking hooklets or barbules are called what?
  11. 22. What gland do birds collect oil from to transfer to their feathers during preening?
  12. 23. Birds have a very long, paired structure called what that allows for further mixing and absorption of the digesta with the help of the microflora?
  13. 25. Is skin thicker or thinner in avian skin?
  14. 27. This structure allows birds to breath through the roof of their mouth when their mouth is closed. It is a narrow slit that also makes it impossible for them to create suction. (2 words)
  15. 28. These glands keep the esophagus lubricated and start the breakdown of food entering the digestive system.
  16. 29. Where does the trachea split into two primary bronchi? This region is also the avian voice box.
Down
  1. 1. What is the vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct or yolk stalk? (2 words)
  2. 2. What specialized area of skin is highly vascularized structure and designed to aid thermoregulation?
  3. 3. What specialized area of skin is designed to withstand compression and abrasion?
  4. 5. The main branches off the central shaft of a feather are called what?
  5. 9. The act of bird grooming and conditioning their feathers with their beak is called what?
  6. 10. The food passage rate of birds is fast or slow compared to mammals?
  7. 12. The first region of the small intestine is called what? It surrounds the pancreas.
  8. 14. From where do birds secrete uric acid from their body (hint: they don’t have a bladder)?
  9. 15. All birds have what? A bill or a beak?
  10. 17. The tract where feathers grow from on the skin is called what?
  11. 20. Birds that hover require a smaller or larger heart than birds that glide when they fly?
  12. 21. One adaptation in the skeletal system of birds to allow for flight has been the fusion of individual bones into structures which allows for what?
  13. 24. What is the main site of water re-absorption in the chicken?
  14. 26. Carnivorous birds have a shorter or longer small intestine?