Background on Macbeth

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Across
  1. 3. The historical text Shakespeare used, which recounts the story of an 11th-century Scottish king.
  2. 7. What Henry VIII was named by Pope Leo X for attacking Luther's beliefs ("Defender of the _______").
  3. 9. Macbeth's accomplice in Holinshed's Chronicles but an innocent victim in Shakespeare's play.
  4. 11. The first English colony established in North America in 1607.
  5. 12. The Queen who ascended to the throne in 1558 and returned England to Protestant control.
  6. 15. Historical figure whose claim to the throne was questionable but brought stability as the first Tudor king.
  7. 19. The son of Henry VIII who died after six years on the throne, succeeded by his sister Mary.
  8. 21. A group of Protestants who focused on purifying the English church from any vestiges of Roman Catholicism.
  9. 23. The first wife of Henry VIII, mother of Mary I.
  10. 24. The English fleet shattered the Spanish _______ in 1588.
  11. 25. The city in Italy where Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in 1503.
  12. 27. The English port city that was growing in power and importance as the population and trade increased.
  13. 28. The invention that made printing books a faster and cheaper process, developed by Gutenberg.
  14. 30. The kind of society England was until the end of the fifteenth century, centered on farming.
  15. 31. The last name of the writer of "Sonnet 75".
  16. 34. Sir Walter Raleigh claimed that whoever commands the trade of the world commands the _______ of the world.
  17. 35. The month of Shakespeare's birth and death.
  18. 39. The religious movement initiated by Martin Luther.
  19. 40. The scientist whose On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres was published in 1543.
  20. 41. Mary I, Henry VIII's daughter, was a devout _______ who had nearly 300 Protestants burned at the stake.
  21. 42. The Elizabethan pronoun that corresponds to the contemporary English word "your".
  22. 45. The country where the action of Macbeth is originally set.
  23. 47. The city where Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in 1509.
Down
  1. 1. The governing body James I struggled with, foreshadowing the civil war.
  2. 2. The contemporary dramatist of Shakespeare about whom we know more, according to critic Irving Ribner.
  3. 3. John _______, the Italian-born explorer who laid the basis for future English claims in North America in 1497.
  4. 4. The country where the Renaissance began in the fourteenth century.
  5. 5. Shakespeare's wife's maiden name.
  6. 6. The name of the character injured by Laurence Olivier during a staged sword fight.
  7. 8. One of the twins born to Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway.
  8. 10. The language English literature was increasingly written in during the English Renaissance.
  9. 13. The term for Elizabethan audience members who stood throughout the performance after paying a penny.
  10. 14. The location across the Thames River where the Globe was rebuilt.
  11. 16. An Elizabethan actor's status was complicated, often considered a _______ and a vagabond by some city fathers.
  12. 17. The term city fathers sometimes used for actors.
  13. 18. The time period in England between 1485 and 1625, marked by a rebirth of learning.
  14. 20. The year Shakespeare was born.
  15. 22. The English poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales at the beginning of the Renaissance in Europe.
  16. 26. Elizabeth I's mother.
  17. 29. What Shakespeare's plays, like Macbeth, are considered when they are not comedy.
  18. 32. Martin Luther believed this, rather than the Pope, was the source of spiritual authority.
  19. 33. The famous theater rebuilt by the King's Men in 1599, referred to as "this wooden O" by Shakespeare.
  20. 36. Elizabeth I's father.
  21. 37. The person who built the first telescope in 1609.
  22. 38. The invention that aided European navigators in the Age of Exploration.
  23. 43. The family name of the dynasty that began with Henry VII.
  24. 44. The first Stuart king of England who succeeded Elizabeth I.
  25. 46. The royal line established by Henry VII.