Basic Terms

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Across
  1. 10. Sample, a sample obtained by numbering each element in the population and then selecting every kth number from the population to be included in the sample.
  2. 11. Variable, a variable in correlation and regression analysis that can be controlled or manipulated.
  3. 13. Variable, a variable that influences the outcome variable but cannot be separated from the other variables that influence the outcome variable.
  4. 15. Level Measurement, a measurement level that classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist.
  5. 16. Sample, a sample obtained by dividing the population into subgroups, called strata, according to various homogeneous characteristics and then selecting members from each stratum.
  6. 18. Level Measurement, a measurement level that possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement and a true zero; it also has true ratios between units of measure.
  7. 20. Sample, a sample obtained by selecting a preexisting or natural group, called a cluster, and using the members in the cluster for the sample.
Down
  1. 1. Level Measurement, a measurement level that classifies data into mutually exclusive exhaustive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on them.
  2. 2. Study, a study in which the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables.
  3. 3. Error, the difference between the sample measure and the corresponding population measure due to the fact that the sample is not perfect representative of the population.
  4. 4. Connections, a misuse of statistics where the use of an ambiguous word to infer that some action has taken place or will take place. Use words such as may, in some people, might help, studies suggest.
  5. 5. Graphs, a distortion of some region, or additional emphasis on a specific area of a graph.
  6. 6. Study, a study in which a researcher merely observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and draws conclusions based on these observations.
  7. 7. Samples, researches used too small of samples, chose volunteers that generally do not represent the population at large, or convenience samples it is representative of which misuse of statistics.
  8. 8. Sample, a sample obtained by using random or chance methods; a sample for which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
  9. 9. Variable, a variable in correlation and regression analysis that cannot be controlled or manipulated.
  10. 12. Error, a catch-all term for the deviations of estimates from their true values that are not a function of the sample chosen, including various systematic errors and random errors that are not due to sampling.
  11. 14. Level Measurement, a measurement level that ranks data and in which precise differences between units of measures exist.
  12. 17. Averages, calling something an average when what we are calling an average is not generally thought to be an average.
  13. 19. Statistics, a type of statistic in which no comparison is being made to anything else.