WATSON'S THEORY OF BEHAVIORISM

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Across
  1. 7. should be regarded as a science: Any theory must be supported by empirical data obtained via systematic observation and measurement of behaviour. Theoretical components should be as simple as possible.
  2. 8. in classical conditioning is an innate, automatic reaction that occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is presented.
  3. 11. Watson claimed that this was the single cause of behavior, this view of Watson is termed as environmental determinism, which states that an individual’s behavior is decided by factors outside of the individual.
  4. 12. is a term used to identify the entire subject matter of psychology as an activity, or behavior.
  5. 13. is the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response.
  6. 14. encompasses the range of behaviors observable through prolonged and reliable observation. In this view, Watson underscores the significance of individual behavior, viewing it as the tangible impact one leaves on those with whom they closely interact.
  7. 16. It is an idea that stimulus-response predicts that interactions between stimuli and responses might generate and explain how behavior and learning can provoke, Watson believed that understanding the relationship of these could be a great help when it comes to predicting and controlling behavior.
  8. 19. According to Watson, there are only two stimuli evoking fear that are unconditioned.
  9. 21. The experiment’s primary objective was to explore and investigate the classical conditioning and of how emotions and behaviors could be conditioned in humans. Watsons aimed to show how emotional reactions, specifically fear, could be acquired through a process of associative learning.
  10. 24. in classical conditioning, it is the learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
  11. 25. Following the conditioning process, the conditioned stimulus (CS) has become linked with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), resulting in the development of a new conditioned response (CR).
  12. 26. is the process by which individuals learn to distinguish among similar stimuli and respond appropriately to each.
  13. 27. Watson believed that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior, rejecting the study of subjective and mental processes.
  14. 29. In classical conditioning, it is a stimulus that initially does not elicit any response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
  15. 30. According to Watson, there are only two stimuli evoking fear that are unconditioned
Down
  1. 1. During this initial stage, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) elicits an unconditioned response (UCR) in the organism.
  2. 2. In this stage, the neutral stimulus, which initially evoked no response, becomes linked with the unconditioned stimulus. Consequently, it transforms into the conditioned stimulus (CS).
  3. 3. in psychology refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response by severing the association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
  4. 4. someone who supports the theory of behaviorism (= the theory that human or animal behavior is based on mental training and the influence of habit, rather than being explained by thoughts and feelings)
  5. 5. states that observable behavior should be studied scientifically and that mental states and cognitive processes don't add to the understanding of behavior.
  6. 6. occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus to create a secondary conditioned stimulus.
  7. 9. is the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a period following extinction.
  8. 10. is the tendency to respond similarly to stimuli that are similar (though not identical) to the original conditioned stimulus.
  9. 15. also referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, involves learning by association and was first identified by Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.
  10. 17. in classical conditioning is a substitute stimulus that elicits the same response in an organism as the unconditioned stimulus.
  11. 18. born on January 9, 1878, in Greenville, South Carolina, was a pioneering psychologist known for his foundational work in behaviorism, a prominent school of thought in psychology.
  12. 20. In classical conditioning, it is an element of the environment that naturally triggers an automatic response without prior conditioning.
  13. 22. is rooted in the theory that behavior can be understood by looking at one's past and present environment and the reinforcements within it, thereby influencing behavior either positively or negatively.
  14. 23. is the result of stimulus-response.
  15. 28. Without the benefit of modern-day ethical standards, a study conducted by Watson and Rayner (1920) used an 11-month-old child, as a subject.