BHS 316 Exam 2 Review

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Across
  1. 2. acronym for a group of genes that encode cell surface proteins essential for the immune system's recognition of self and non-self antigens, facilitating immune responses.
  2. 4. antigen that can specifically bind to and activate a particular immune cell, such as a T or B cell, eliciting an immune response.
  3. 7. specialized proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific pathogens or foreign substances in the body, playing a crucial role in immune defense.
  4. 10. short chains of amino acids, essential components in the immune system, involved in various immune responses and signaling pathways (plural).
  5. 11. an acronym that refers to a process in the immune system where T cells, after repeated activation, undergo programmed cell death to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent excessive immune responses.
  6. 14. the controlled suppression or reduction of the immune response, often to prevent excessive inflammation or autoimmunity.
  7. 16. selection type that allows the survival and maturation of T cells that can interact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
  8. 17. type of white blood cell critical to the immune system, responsible for recognizing and responding to specific antigens, contributing to immune responses.
  9. 19. primary lymphoid organ in the immune system responsible for the maturation and selection of T cells, crucial for adaptive immune responses.
  10. 20. state of immune unresponsiveness or tolerance, where lymphocytes fail to respond to specific antigens.
  11. 22. antigen type that refers to proteins or molecules within the body that are recognized by the immune system as belonging to the host organism, distinguishing them from foreign substances.
  12. 24. type of white blood cell that circulates in the bloodstream and, upon entering tissues, differentiates into macrophages or dendritic cells to contribute to immune responses.
  13. 25. T cell type classified as mature T lymphocytes that have not encountered and responded to their specific antigen, and they circulate in the bloodstream in a ready-to-respond state.
Down
  1. 1. process by which cells, such as macrophages, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris to eliminate potential threats in the body.
  2. 3. the intentional enhancement or stimulation of the immune response to improve its effectiveness against pathogens or abnormal cells.
  3. 5. selection type that eliminates T cells that strongly react to self-antigens, preventing the development of potentially harmful autoimmune responses.
  4. 6. immune cells that play a crucial role in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and immune regulation within the body.
  5. 8. type of protein that plays a crucial role in antigen presentation by interacting with T cells, providing co-stimulatory signals that regulate T cell activation and immune responses.
  6. 9. small signaling protein that plays a crucial role in immune responses by guiding the movement of immune cells to specific locations in the body.
  7. 12. substances originating outside the body, particularly in the context of antigens introduced from external sources.
  8. 13. a cellular process within the immune system that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis and eliminate damaged or dysfunctional organelles.
  9. 15. antigen type that is a substance originating outside the body, such as a pathogen or non-self molecule, capable of triggering an immune response upon entering the organism.
  10. 18. T cell type that coordinate and regulate immune responses by interacting with other immune cells and releasing signaling molecules known as cytokines.
  11. 20. acronym for a type of immune cell that captures, processes, and presents antigens to activate other immune cells, such as T cells.
  12. 21. substances or processes originating from within the body, typically referring to antigens produced internally.
  13. 23. condition in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own tissues and cells, leading to inflammation and potential damage.