Bilingual Speech Perception

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Across
  1. 1. control, Bilinguals seem to recruit cognitive control networks associated with the processing of effortful speech and executive functioning
  2. 6. Sequential, bilinguals exposed to L2 at an older age
  3. 7. switching, top-down controlled and can be modulated by language dominance. It is typically more effortful to switch back to the dominant language (L1)
  4. 8. switching, global switching across full language competences
  5. 9. bilinguals, unbalanced degree of proficiency and behavioral performance across language competences
  6. 10. of primary perceptual cues from the dominant language background; Very common in unbalanced early bilinguals and long-term immigrants
  7. 12. local switching "my laptop no function"
  8. 13. context-specific selection of language norms; common in coordinated bilinguals
  9. 15. system, identical items are represented in a single underlying neural substrate common to both, but different items have own-language representations
  10. 16. bilinguals, L1 and L2 share contextual frames
  11. 17. period, Back-frontal cortical development in infants
  12. 18. system, undifferentiated representations
  13. 19. system, each language represented in separate systems
Down
  1. 2. of secondary perceptual cues; common in unbalanced late bilinguals
  2. 3. bilinguals, L1 and L2 are used in different contexts
  3. 4. speech, systematic deviation of a particular native speech norm; Determined by phonetic differences and similarities between the native norm of the foreign-accented speaker and the native listener; Phonetically-based speech distortion
  4. 5. bilinguals, a similar degree of proficiency and behavioral performance
  5. 11. Listeners adapt easily to accents
  6. 14. system, larger language system contains two subsystems
  7. 18. Simultaneous, bilinguals exposed to L2 since a young age