BIO 202 Ch 12: Host Defenses I- Overview and Innate Defenses

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243
Across
  1. 1. these are often bound to invading cells and result in the further stimulation of complement.
  2. 3. both vertebrates and invertebrates have this kind of immunity.
  3. 10. tlr3 recognizes this in viruses.
  4. 12. this substance is released by mast cells to increase vasodilation, and therefore endothelium permeability.
  5. 15. granulocytes which use destructive enzymes during allergic and helminth responses.
  6. 17. the skin and stomach both possess this chemical quality, which inhibits microbial growth.
  7. 18. agents that possess disease-causing potential
  8. 20. ___ shock is caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response which is life threatening. carries a 40% mortality rate.
  9. 23. prevalence of this STI is often associated with an early life deficiencies of certain complement proteins.
  10. 24. systemic inflammatory response caused by substances which macrophages release.
  11. 25. these cells phagocytize foreign substances and release antimicrobial peptides as part of invertebrate immunity.
  12. 30. the only group which possess adaptive (acquired) immunity.
  13. 31. this bacterial structure can prevent phagocytic cells from recognizing surface molecules on bacteria.
  14. 32. tlr5 recognizes this on bacteria.
  15. 37. unlike invertebrates, vertebrates have both lymph and this.
  16. 38. a group of around 30 proteins which are activated by substances on microbial surfaces.
  17. 39. these molecules are released by macrophages and neutrophils to promote blood flow to the site of an injury or infection.
  18. 40. a type of lymphocyte which circulates throughout the body, detecting abnormal cells and triggering apoptosis.
  19. 41. molecular pattern or structure common to all microbes of a certain category. could be found on a virus, bacterium, or other.
  20. 42. receptor protein found on innate immune cells.
  21. 43. activation of complement can lead to this for invading cells.
Down
  1. 2. pattern recognition receptors do this to pattern-associated molecular patterns.
  2. 4. this chitinous structure serves as the first barrier against infection for insects.
  3. 5. proteins of innate defense which interfere with viruses and stimulate macrophages.
  4. 6. skin, mucous membranes, and secretions are all examples of this kind of defense.
  5. 7. granulocytes that circulate in the blood and are attracted to signals from infected tissue.
  6. 8. apart from animals, innate immunity is also found in these organisms.
  7. 9. in vertebrates, innate immunity is a rapid and ___ response.
  8. 11. chronic inflammation is thought to be linked to this.
  9. 13. agranulocytes which originate from monocytes. found throughout the body.
  10. 14. phagocytes, NK cells, and inflammation are all examples of this kind of defense.
  11. 16. tlr4 recognizes this on bacteria.
  12. 19. this infection, caused by a microbe in the mycobacterium genus, involves bacteria which are resistant to breakdown within lysosomes of phagocytes.
  13. 21. this physiological response is unique to the innate defenses of vertebrates.
  14. 22. we understand the most about the immune systems of these types of vertebrates.
  15. 26. this is an example of a pattern recognition receptor. phagocytic cells use them to recognize pathogens.
  16. 27. the "first responders" to an infection. squeeze through endothelium. die after phagocytosis.
  17. 28. describing agranulocytes which use long "arms" to present antigens. stimulate the development of adaptive immunity.
  18. 29. a fluid rich in white blood cells, destroyed pathogens, and cell debris.
  19. 33. breaks down bacterial cell walls in an insects digestive tract. Also found in saliva and tears.
  20. 34. this barrier defense traps microbes and allows for their removal from the body.
  21. 35. the fluid which circulates through an arthropod's body.
  22. 36. neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, and dendritic cells all constitute this component of innate immunity.
  23. 39. cells lacking MHC I surface expression could be this.