Bio

5. A product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
8. A type of fermentation where glucose is converted into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy, commonly occurring in yeast.
10. Cellular respiration that requires oxygen to produce ATP.
11. The first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
14. The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
15. An enzyme involved in the Calvin Cycle that catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation.
17. The fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts; site of the Calvin Cycle
18. The product of ATP dephosphorylation, which releases energy.
19. The second stage of photosynthesis, where ATP and NADPH are used to synthesize glucose.
20. A series of proteins in the mitochondrial membrane that produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
22. An electron carrier produced in the Krebs Cycle, used in the electron transport chain
25. are small openings, or pores, on the surface of leaves and stems of plants that allow for gas exchange. They enable plants to take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) for photosynthesis and release oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct.
26. The primary energy carrier in cells.
27. The process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
28. A simple sugar that is the primary fuel for cellular respiration.

1. The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
2. The end product of glycolysis, which enters the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle in the presence of oxygen.
3. The cell's powerhouse where cellular respiration and ATP production occur.
4. The first step of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, yielding ATP.
6. Cellular respiration that occurs without oxygen.
7. Citric Acid Cycle) - The second stage of cellular respiration, producing electron carriers that fuel the electron transport chain.
9. Stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplast increase the surface area for light absorption in photosynthesis.
12. Membrane-bound structures within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll; the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
13. An anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue without oxygen, producing either lactic acid or ethanol.
16. An electron carrier in cellular respiration
21. The starting substances in a chemical reaction, such as water, carbon dioxide, and light, in photosynthesis.
23. The reduced form of NAD+; carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
24. In photosynthesis, the substances formed from a chemical reaction, such as glucose and oxygen.