Bio revision

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Across
  1. 4. the conversion of CO2 and RuBP into 3-PGA.
  2. 6. NADPH donates electrons to an intermediate three-carbon molecule in the cycle to produce G3P
  3. 9. The main cells in leaves that photosynthesise
  4. 10. plants that made 3-carbon compounds, they lose a lot of water through their open stomata
  5. 14. Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
  6. 18. A diesel substitute produced by extracting and chemically altering oil from plants
  7. 19. input of light independent stage
  8. 20. Used for improving efficiency, physical tolerance, disease resistance, chemical resistance, enhance, etc
  9. 23. second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
  10. 25. The binding of oxygen to Rubisco
  11. 26. how many times must the calvin cycle occur to produce glucose?
  12. 27. main site of photosynthesis in plants & have a large surface area to maximise the amount of light hitting the surface
  13. 30. stacks of thylakoids
  14. 31. process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
  15. 33. A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme
  16. 35. Organisms that are able to make their own food
  17. 36. steps of the light independent stage
  18. 37. catalyses reactions
  19. 39. An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis.
  20. 41. Second stage of photosynthesis. Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Involves using ATP, reduced NADP and carbon dioxide to make organic molecules.
  21. 43. pi
  22. 44. An activity that does not change atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Creates and removes the same amount.
  23. 45. number of molecules needed to enter the calvin cycle to produce glucose
  24. 48. Chloroplasts contains a photosynthetic pigment known as
  25. 49. take up water from the soil and transported through the xylem to photosynthesising cells
Down
  1. 1. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work
  2. 2. Renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals
  3. 3. input of the light dependent stage, output of light independent stage, output of aerobic respiration
  4. 5. an output of the light dependent stage
  5. 7. the first stage of photosynthesis
  6. 8. plants that close their stomata during the day to prevent water loss and their Calvin Cycle occurs in the night
  7. 11. the RuBP molecules needed to start the cycle again are reproduced.
  8. 12. C6H12O6. Heterotrophs obtain glucose from their food. Broken down from complex carbohydrates. Autotrophs produce glucose through photosynthesis
  9. 13. The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.
  10. 15. plants that make 4-carbon compounds, they lose about half as much water as C3 plants and can grow fast, but they must have heat and dry season
  11. 16. an alcohol fuel made from crops like corn and sugarcane in a process of fermentation and distillation
  12. 17. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
  13. 21. location of light independent stage
  14. 22. Fuel from organic sources (biomass)
  15. 24. The use of yeast to break down sugars. When in an anaerobic environment, some cells can use glycolysis and fermentation to keep producing ATP.
  16. 28. location of light dependent stage
  17. 29. Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).
  18. 32. open to allow carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to diffuse into the leaf and close to prevent water loss from the leaf
  19. 34. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions
  20. 38. the use of an electron acceptor other than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis
  21. 40. protein structure level of rubisco
  22. 42. Water, temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide
  23. 46. Producing ATP with oxygen by breaking down glucose (36-38 ATP); occurs in the mitochondria
  24. 47. contains Membrane, granum (stacks of thylakoids), and stroma (fluid filled empty space)