BIO Vocab List

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Across
  1. 1. An electron carrier mostly used in photosynthesis (light reactions).
  2. 4. Organisms that must have oxygen to survive.
  3. 5. A waxy, waterproof coating on leaves that reduces water loss.
  4. 6. Plants that fix carbon using a special 4-carbon molecule to work well in hot climates.
  5. 9. Energy production without oxygen; includes fermentation.
  6. 12. A condition such as light, temperature, or CO₂ that determines how fast photosynthesis can occur.
  7. 15. Stacks of thylakoids inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions occur.
  8. 16. A 5-carbon molecule that captures CO₂ in the first step of the Calvin Cycle.
  9. 19. The enzyme that attaches CO₂ to RuBP; the most abundant enzyme on Earth.
  10. 20. The cycle in the mitochondria that produces NADH, FADH₂, and CO₂ from acetyl-CoA.
  11. 21. The series of reactions in the stroma that uses CO₂, ATP, and NADPH to make glucose.
  12. 24. A 3-carbon sugar produced in the Calvin Cycle; can be used to make glucose.
  13. 29. The fluid inside a chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle happens.
  14. 31. An electron carrier made during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
  15. 32. An organism that gets its energy by consuming other organisms (can’t make its own food).
  16. 33. A chain of proteins that move energized electrons to produce ATP and NADPH.
  17. 35. Plants that open their stomata at night to reduce water loss
  18. 37. Organisms that can switch between using oxygen and not using oxygen.
  19. 38. An organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemical energy.
  20. 39. Small pores on the underside of leaves that allow gases (CO₂, O₂, H₂O vapor) to move in and out.
  21. 40. A plant’s response to the length of day and night (affects flowering).
Down
  1. 2. Anaerobic process used by yeast that produces ethanol, CO₂, and ATP.
  2. 3. Cellular respiration that uses oxygen to make large amounts of ATP.
  3. 7. The tightly packed layer of cells in a leaf where most photosynthesis takes place.
  4. 8. One of the pair of cells that open and close the stomata in a leaf.
  5. 10. The main energy-carrying molecule of the cell; stores and releases energy for cell processes.
  6. 11. The loosely packed leaf cells with air spaces that allow gas exchange.
  7. 13. Proteins in the electron transport chain that pass electrons to make ATP.
  8. 14. The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
  9. 17. The color molecules (like chlorophyll) that absorb specific wavelengths of light.
  10. 18. A graph showing which wavelengths of light a pigment absorbs best.
  11. 22. Most common plants; use the standard Calvin Cycle and make a 3-carbon molecule first.
  12. 23. A series of reactions in the mitochondria that breaks down pyruvate to make electron carriers and CO₂.
  13. 25. Anaerobic process in muscle cells and bacteria that makes lactic acid and ATP without oxygen.
  14. 26. A 3-carbon molecule produced by glycolysis that enters aerobic respiration.
  15. 27. A molecule that helps pyruvate enter the Krebs cycle by forming acetyl-CoA.
  16. 28. An electron carrier molecule that picks up high-energy electrons and hydrogen to form NADPH used in the Calvin Cycle.
  17. 30. The first photosystem in the light reactions; splits water and energizes electrons.
  18. 34. Flattened membrane sacs in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and carry out light reactions.
  19. 36. A light-absorbing complex that re-energizes electrons to help form NADPH.