Genetics
Across
- 6. The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, forming messenger RNA (mRNA).
- 7. The process of gradual change in the genetic composition of populations over time, leading to the development of new species.
- 9. The repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from degradation.
- 10. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
- 12. The crossing of two genetically different individuals to produce offspring with desirable traits.
- 15. One of the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome, held together by a centromere.
- 17. The addition of a segment of DNA into an existing genetic sequence.
- 18. The union of male and female gametes (sperm and egg cells) to form a zygote.
- 20. The specialized region of a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together during cell division.
- 21. Complex molecules composed of amino acids that perform various biological functions in cells.
- 22. The study of the structure, function, and interactions of proteins within an organism.
Down
- 1. The transfer of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another.
- 2. An enzyme that maintains the length of telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration.
- 3. A segment of DNA that codes for a specific functional product, such as a protein or RNA molecule.
- 4. A segment of DNA or RNA that codes for a functional protein or RNA molecule after being transcribed and spliced.
- 5. The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the information carried by mRNA.
- 8. A region of DNA that initiates the transcription of a gene and regulates its expression.
- 11. The creation of new molecules, such as proteins, through a series of chemical reactions.
- 13. The process by which genetic material is passed from parent to offspring.
- 14. A mutation that shifts the reading frame of a genetic sequence, often resulting in nonfunctional proteins.
- 16. A segment of DNA that does not code for a functional protein and is spliced out during RNA processing.
- 19. A thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next.