Biochemistry crossword #2a

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Across
  1. 5. solution in which water is a solvent
  2. 9. exclusion of nonpolar molecules by water, important to protein folding
  3. 12. a force of attraction between hydrogen and a negitive species, exists in water, DNA between base pairs, and more
  4. 14. when a solute is surrounded by a shell of solvent molecules
  5. 15. a long, unbranched molecule made of carbons and hydrogen, nonpolar
  6. 16. a solution with a lower concentration of solute than solute within a cell, thus water flows into the cell
  7. 18. the shape of water molecules in ice crystals is _____ with bond angles of 109.5°
  8. 21. the upper limit of minerals in water, increases in higher temperatures
  9. 24. the angle of the bonds makes a water molecule ______
  10. 25. the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself, stronger in oxygen than in hydrogen
  11. 26. a spherical structure formed by amphipathic molecules when submersed in water
  12. 28. substances without charge, immiscible with water
  13. 29. water resists changes in ______ as a change from 98°C to 99°C uses less energy than a change from 99°C to 100°C _______ depends on energy, pressure, elevation, dissolved compounds, etc.
  14. 30. term for a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, even if the species is neutral
  15. 32. net flow of water in and out of a cell is 0 in a ______ solution
  16. 33. a type of bond that exists in water molecules due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H
  17. 35. thermal property of water that rises when compounds are dissolved in it or lowers at higher elevation
  18. 36. molecules that dissosiate readily in water to form ions, such as NaCl
Down
  1. 1. water is a good _____ because water’s polar structure allows it to dissolve inorganic nutrients and makes them accessible to organisms
  2. 2. a special type of solvation where the solvation shell is water
  3. 3. the maxium amount of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can participate in
  4. 4. a molecule that exhibits both polar and nonpolar properties, such as SDS with its polar head and hydrocarbon tail
  5. 6. an atom of oxygen has ________ electrons, two of which bind covalently to hydrogen in a molecule of water
  6. 7. a phenomenon where the diffusion rate of molecules in cells is much slower than their rate of diffusion in pure water
  7. 8. high in water, thus water takes longer to evaporate than other liquids and also contributes to the cooling sensation of sweating
  8. 10. a solution with a higher concentration of solute than a cell, so water flows from the cell to the environment
  9. 11. a measure of how an aqueous solution will attract evenmore water, decreases (negative) with a higher solute concentration and is measure in MPa.
  10. 13. a common molecule that has polar covalent bonds, but does not have a dipole
  11. 17. a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
  12. 19. the oxygen atom in water has two _______ that are partially negative and are sp3 hybridized
  13. 20. thermal property of water that drops below 0°C when compounds are dissolved in it
  14. 22. water is not a tetrahedron because the partially negative lone pairs of oxygen have strong _____ to each other, and reduce the angle between the H-O-H bond to 104.5
  15. 23. Water at 4°C is at its _________, which means that water near the bottom of bodies of water should be this temperature
  16. 27. an atom or group of atoms that can be charged negatively or positively
  17. 31. heat the amount of heat added in order to raise the temperature by 1°C, high value in water
  18. 34. diffusion of water across a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration