Biochemistry crossword #2a

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Across
  1. 3. a solution with a higher concentration of solute than a cell, so water flows from the cell to the environment
  2. 4. the angle of the bonds makes a water molecule ______
  3. 11. when a solute is surrounded by a shell of solvent molecules
  4. 12. a special type of solvation where the solvation shell is water
  5. 15. solution in which water is a solvent
  6. 17. a molecule that exhibits both polar and nonpolar properties, such as SDS with its polar head and hydrocarbon tail
  7. 18. the upper limit of minerals in water, increases in higher temperatures
  8. 21. an atom of oxygen has ________ electrons, two of which bind covalently to hydrogen in a molecule of water
  9. 24. high in water, thus water takes longer to evaporate than other liquids and also contributes to the cooling sensation of sweating
  10. 25. a long, unbranched molecule made of carbons and hydrogen, nonpolar
  11. 26. molecules that dissosiate readily in water to form ions, such as NaCl
  12. 27. a force of attraction between hydrogen and a negitive species, exists in water, DNA between base pairs, and more
  13. 28. water is a good _____ because water’s polar structure allows it to dissolve inorganic nutrients and makes them accessible to organisms
  14. 30. a common molecule that has polar covalent bonds, but does not have a dipole
  15. 33. diffusion of water across a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
  16. 34. heat the amount of heat added in order to raise the temperature by 1°C, high value in water
Down
  1. 1. substances without charge, immiscible with water
  2. 2. water is not a tetrahedron because the partially negative lone pairs of oxygen have strong _____ to each other, and reduce the angle between the H-O-H bond to 104.5
  3. 3. exclusion of nonpolar molecules by water, important to protein folding
  4. 5. a solution with a lower concentration of solute than solute within a cell, thus water flows into the cell
  5. 6. term for a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, even if the species is neutral
  6. 7. a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
  7. 8. a phenomenon where the diffusion rate of molecules in cells is much slower than their rate of diffusion in pure water
  8. 9. a measure of how an aqueous solution will attract evenmore water, decreases (negative) with a higher solute concentration and is measure in MPa.
  9. 10. the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself, stronger in oxygen than in hydrogen
  10. 13. Water at 4°C is at its _________, which means that water near the bottom of bodies of water should be this temperature
  11. 14. thermal property of water that rises when compounds are dissolved in it or lowers at higher elevation
  12. 16. thermal property of water that drops below 0°C when compounds are dissolved in it
  13. 19. the shape of water molecules in ice crystals is _____ with bond angles of 109.5°
  14. 20. water resists changes in ______ as a change from 98°C to 99°C uses less energy than a change from 99°C to 100°C _______ depends on energy, pressure, elevation, dissolved compounds, etc.
  15. 22. a type of bond that exists in water molecules due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H
  16. 23. the oxygen atom in water has two _______ that are partially negative and are sp3 hybridized
  17. 29. a spherical structure formed by amphipathic molecules when submersed in water
  18. 31. net flow of water in and out of a cell is 0 in a ______ solution
  19. 32. an atom or group of atoms that can be charged negatively or positively
  20. 35. the maxium amount of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can participate in