biology

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Across
  1. 3. / a biological catalyst, typically a protein, that speeds up specific chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process
  2. 5. / a diverse group of organic compounds characterized by their insolubility in water, serving crucial roles in energy storage (like fats), cell membrane structure (phospholipids), and acting as hormones (steroids)
  3. 10. / a membrane-bound organelle found in cells of plants, fungi, protists, and some animals, acting as a compartment for storage and waste disposal
  4. 11. / a cellular machine made of RNA and protein that synthesizes proteins by reading genetic instructions from mRNA and linking amino acids together
  5. 12. / the study of living things
  6. 13. / complex organic compounds composed of amino acids, which are linked together in long chains.
  7. 14. / membrane-bound organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, known as the "powerhouses" of the cell
  8. 18. / an organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy, thereby, releasing oxygen from water. “
  9. 20. Acid / a large molecule (macromolecule) made of many repeating units called nucleotides
  10. 21. / the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
  11. 23. Membrane / a flexible, selectively permeable barrier that surrounds every living cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell to maintain its internal environment.
Down
  1. 1. Site / a specific region on an enzyme where its specific substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs, leading to the formation
  2. 2. Reticulum / a vast, interconnected network of membranes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, essential for protein and lipid synthesis, modification, and transport
  3. 4. Apparatus / a cellular organelle composed of a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs, or cisternae, responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles
  4. 6. / a small, individual molecule that serves as a repeating building block for a larger, complex molecule called a polymer.
  5. 7. / organic compounds that serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms.
  6. 8. transport / the movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require cellular energy (ATP) and occurs naturally down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
  7. 9. / the chemical process where small molecules called monomers link together to form large, chain-like molecules known as polymers
  8. 15. / the passive diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration)
  9. 16. / a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that acts as the cell's command center, containing the cell's hereditary material (DNA) and controlling the cell's growth and reproduction by regulating gene expression
  10. 17. Transport / a cellular process that moves molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, meaning from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
  11. 19. Wall / a semi-rigid thick protective structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some types of cells for protection and defining the shape of the cell.
  12. 22. / a membrane-bound organelle within eukaryotic cells that contains digestive enzymes, acting as the cell's waste disposal and recycling system